Harshen Baka

Harshen Baka
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo; Harsunan Atlantic-Congo; Harsunan Volta-Congo; Jahar adamawa; Harsuna Ubangian; Harsunan Ngbaka; Harshen Baka; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	bkc
Glottolog	baka1272

Baka (wanda kuma ake kira Be-bayaga, Be-bayaka, da Bibaya de L"est) yare ne na yarukan Ubangian da Gabon)" id="mwEA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Baka (Cameroon and Gabon)">Baka Pygmies na Kamaru da Gabon ke magana. A kabilanci, mutanen suna da alaƙa da Aka, wanda aka fi sani da Mbenga (Bambenga). Koyaya, harsunan ba su da kyau a cikin iyalin Atlantic-Congo, ban da wasu ƙamus da ke hulɗa da tattalin arzikin gandun daji, wanda ke nuna cewa Aka na iya canzawa zuwa Bantu, tare da kimanin mutane 15,000 da suka yi hakan.

Rarraba yanki

Ana magana da Baka a yawancin yankin dajin kudu maso gabashin Kamaru, a cikin:

Yankin Gabas
- Sashen Kadey (Kungiyoyin Ndélélé da Mbang )
- Sashen Haut-Nyong ( Dimako, Doumé, Abong-Mbang, Lomié, da kuma Ngoyla communes)
- Sashen Boumba-et-Ngoko ( Moloundou, Yokadouma, da Gari-Gombo communes)
Yankin Kudu
- Dja-et-Lobo sashen ( Bengbis, Meyomessala, Sangmélima, Djoum, Oveng, da kuma Mintom communes )

Baka na zaune tare da sauran kabilun da galibi ke kan manyan tituna. Baka suna magana da yaren Ngbaka Ma'bo na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, wanda ya nuna a fili cewa Baka na Kamaru ya zo daga wani yanki mai nisa zuwa gabas. A Kamaru, ana kiran su da Pygmies na Gabas, sabanin Bagyali, ƙungiyoyin Pygmy daga Sashen Océan waɗanda ke magana da yaren Bantu ( A80 subgroup ). Baka mai lamba 25,000 a Kamaru. Ana kuma samun su a Gabon (Phillips 1980) da a Jamhuriyar Tsakiyar Afirka.

Rabewa

Kusan kashi 30% na kalmomin Baka ba Ubangian ba ne. Yawancin wannan ya shafi tattalin arziƙin gandun daji na musamman, kamar kalmomin shuke-shuken da ake ci, da tsire-tsire na magani, da tattara zuma, kuma an bayyana su a matsayin ragowar harshen Pygmy na kakanni wanda ya ɓace. Sai dai, baya ga wasu kalmomi da aka raba su da Aka, babu wata shaida da ke nuna alaƙar harshe mai faɗi da wani daga cikin sauran mutanen Pygmy.

Iri

Babu tabbas ko Gundi (Ngundi), Ganzi, da Massa (Limassa), suna fahimtar juna da Baka daidai. Yawancin Massa sun koma Gundi, wanda mutane 9,000 ke magana.

Kabilar Ngombe suna magana da Gundi. Wataƙila ya ruɗe a cikin adabi tare da mutanen Ngombe waɗanda ke magana da yaren Bangandu .

Ilimin sauti

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labio-<br id="mwbQ"><br><br><br> maras kyau	Glottal
M	a fili	p	t		k	k͡p	ʔ
	murya	b	d		ɡ	ɡ͡b
	prenasalized	ᵐb	ⁿd		ᵑɡ	ᵑɡ͡b
	m	ɓ	ɗ
Mai sassautawa	a fili	ɸ	s				h
Mai sassautawa	murya	β
Haɗin kai	murya		d͡z ~ d͡ʒ
Haɗin kai	prenasalized		ⁿd͡z ~ ⁿd͡ʒ
Na gefe			l
Nasal		m	n	ɲ
Semi wasali				j		w

/d͡z/ kuma ana iya jin shi azaman post-alveolar [d͡ʒ], a tsakanin yaruka daban-daban.

Wasula

	Gaba	Baya
Kusa	i	u
Kusa-tsakiyar	e	o
Bude-tsakiyar	ɛ	ɔ
Bude	a

Manazarta

^[2]

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Baka". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Serge Bahuchet, 1993, History of the inhabitants of the central African rain forest: perspectives from comparative linguistics. In C.M. Hladik, ed., Tropical forests, people, and food: Biocultural interactions and applications to development. Paris: Unesco/Parthenon.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Baka". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] Serge Bahuchet, 1993, History of the inhabitants of the central African rain forest: perspectives from comparative linguistics. In C.M. Hladik, ed., Tropical forests, people, and food: Biocultural interactions and applications to development. Paris: Unesco/Parthenon.

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