Harshen Bonda

Harshen Bonda
'Yan asalin magana	9,000 (2002)
Dangin harshen	Austroasiatic (en) ; Munda (en) ; South Munda (en) ; Harshen Bonda; ; ; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Odia (en)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	bfw
Glottolog	bond1245

Harshen Bonda, wanda aka fi sani da Bondo ko Remosam, yare ne na kudancin Munda na dangin yaren Austroasiatic da ake magana a Odisha, wanda aka sani da Kudancin Odisha, a Indiya. Yana da masu magana 2,568, duk a Odisha, bisa ga Ƙididdigar Indiya ta 1951, yana ƙaruwa zuwa kusan masu magana 9,000 a 2002 bisa ga SIL.

Rarraba

Harshen Bonda yare ne na asali wanda ke cikin rukunin Kudancin reshen Munda na dangin yaren Austroasiatic . Bonda yare ne da ake magana ba tare da tsarin rubuce-rubuce na gargajiya da aka rubuta ba. Bonda wani bangare ne na reshen Gutob-Remo, saboda kamanceceniya da Bonda ke da shi da wani Southern Munda Language mai suna Gutob .

Tarihi

Harshen Bonda ya samo sunansa daga kabilar Mutanen Bonda, ƙungiyar 'yan asalin da ke Odisha da aka sani da Bonda Highlanders . A cikin yarensu, mutanen Bonda suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin "Remo", wanda ke fassara zuwa ɗan adam, kuma suna samun sunan yarensu daga wannan tushen, suna kiran yarensu a matsayin yaren ɗan adam ko "Remosam" a cikin yarensu

Yankin da aka rarraba

Harshen ya bambanta dan kadan, an rarraba shi bisa ga ko ana iya rarraba shi a matsayin Plains Remo (Bonda) ko Hill Remo (Bond).

Filayen Remo

Wannan yanki ne na Bonda, wanda ke cikin ƙauyuka 35 a duk faɗin Khairpat a cikin Gundumar Malkangiri a Odisha. A shekara ta 1941, mutane 2,565 sun rarraba Plains Remo. Wannan adadin ya kusan ninka sau biyu a 1971, tare da mutane 4,764 da ke rarraba kansu a matsayin Plains Remo. Karin yawan jama'a ba shi da alaƙa da fadada harshe. Akwai masu magana 3,500 tun daga shekara ta 2002, amma kaɗan ne kawai suke da yare ɗaya.

Hills Remo

Wannan yanki ne na Bonda, wanda ke cikin yankin Jeypore Hills na Odisha . Akwai masu magana 5,570 tun daga shekara ta 2002.

Fasahar sauti

Damuwa

A cikin Bonda, ana sanya matsin lamba na farko a kan sashi na ƙarshe a cikin kalma, sashi tare da diphthongs, tsayawar glottal, ko ƙididdigar ƙididdiga.^[2] Koyaya, Plains Remo da farko yana jaddada syllable na biyu a cikin kalma. Kalmomin Bonda na iya samun matsakaicin sashi 5.^[2]

Diphthongs

Ana sanya diphthongs ko dai a farkon ko tsakiyar kalma, yawanci ana amfani dashi a hadewar nau'ikan wasali daban-daban guda biyu.^[2]

Bonda	Fassara
mai laushi	harshe
itace	Shekaru
Jagora	don wankewa
kai	kada a kasance
Mutuwa	karamin

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Akwai ƙwayoyin 33 a cikin harshen Bonda.^[2]

Ma'anar ^[3]
		Biyuwa	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Gishiri
Dakatar da	ba tare da murya ba	p	t	ʈ	c	k	ʔ
	murya mara muryada ake nema	pʰ	tʰ	ʈʰ	cʰ	kʰ
	murya	b	d	ɖ	ɟ	ɡ
	murya mai burinda ake nema	bʱ	dʱ	ɖʱ	ɟʱ	ɡʱ
Fricative	ba tare da murya ba		s				h
Fricative	<small id="mw9Q">murya</small>		(z)
Hanci		m	n	ɳ	ɲ	ŋ
Kusanci			l	ɭ	j	w
Trill			r

Gobardhan Panda yana nuna sassan jiki da furta sunayensu a Bonda

Kalmomin dangi

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Bonda". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Swain, Rajashree (1998). "A Grammar of Bonda Language". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 58/59: 391–396. JSTOR 42930587. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
↑ DeArmond, Richard (1976). "Proto-Gutob-Remo-Gtaq Stressed Monosyllabic Vowels and Initial Consonants". Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications. 13 (13): 213–217. JSTOR 20019157.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Bonda". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[:1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Swain, Rajashree (1998). "A Grammar of Bonda Language". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 58/59: 391–396. JSTOR 42930587. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content

[:4-3] DeArmond, Richard (1976). "Proto-Gutob-Remo-Gtaq Stressed Monosyllabic Vowels and Initial Consonants". Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications. 13 (13): 213–217. JSTOR 20019157.

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