Harshen Degema

Dẹgẹma
Asali a	Nigeria
Yanki	Rivers State
'Yan asalin magana	(10,000 cited 1999)e25
Dangin harshen	Nnijer–Kongo Atlantic–Congo Volta–Congo Volta–Niger Samfuri:Sm Akpes–Edoid Edoid Delta Edoid Degema–Engenni Dẹgẹma; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	deg
Glottolog	dege1246

Harshen Degema
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo; Harsunan Atlantic-Congo; Volta–Niger (en) ; Harsunan Edoid; Harshen Degema; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	deg
Glottolog	dege1246

Dẹ 112 yare ne na Edoid da ake magana a cikin al'ummomi biyu daban-daban a Tsibirin Degema a cikin Neja Delta, Najeriya, da kimanin mutane 120,000, bisa ga ƙididdigar ƙididdigal na 1991 (ciki har da adadi na tsinkaya ga al'ummomin Dẹ 112 guda biyu). ^[2] Al'ummomin biyu sune Usokun-Degema da Degema Town a cikin Karamar Hukumar Degema a Jihar Rivers. Kowace al'umma tana magana da nau'ikan Dẹ 112, wanda aka sani da sunayen al'ummomin da ke magana da su: nau'ikan Usokun (wanda ake magana a Usokun-Degema) da nau'in Degema Town (wanda ake nufi a Degema Town). Dukkanin nau'ikan suna da kama da su a cikin sauti, morphological, syntactic da kuma semantic properties.

Babu daidaitattun iri-iri da ya fito tsakanin nau'ikan Dẹ 112 guda biyu. Koyaya, akwai ƙarin wallafe-wallafen ilimi da kwatanci a kan nau'ikan Usokun fiye da nau'ikan Degema Town.^[3]^[4]

The Dẹgẹma language is not also called "Atala" or "Udekaama", as stated in some publications. Atala is the alternative name for one of the Degema-speaking communities (Degema Town), and Udekaama is the name of a clan (which comprises Usokun-Degema and Degema Town). Similarly, "Dekema" is not an alternative name for the Degema language as contained in the entry for Degema in the Ethnologue.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span>]}

Fasahar sauti

Dẹ 112 shine kawai yaren Nijar-Congo don daidaita kayan wasali da aka sake ginawa don Proto-Ijoid. Akwai wasula goma, a cikin saiti biyu na jituwa: /i e a o u/ da /ɪ ɛ ə ɔ ʊ/ .

	Labari		Alveolar			Velar		Laboral (ized) /velar/glottal mai kula da ruwa
Plosive	p	b	t	d	dʒ	k	g	kp	gb
Hanci		m		n	ɲ		ŋ		ŋʷ
Ba a yarda da shi ba		ɓ		ɗ
Trill				r
Fricative	f	β	s					h
Kusanci				l	j				w

Tsarin Rubuce-rubuce

Degema Alphabet ^[5]
a	ạ	b	Sanya	d	ḍ	da kuma	ẹkenam	f	g
gb	i	ị	j	k	kp	l	m	n	nw
ny	ñ	o	shi ne	p	r	s	t	u	ụta
ụu	v	w	da kuma	z

Tarihin Degema

Hadisin baki ya tabbatar da cewa mutanen Degema (asalin wani ɓangare na Engenni_people" id="mw3Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Engenni people">Mutanen Engenni) sun yi ƙaura daga Benin_City" id="mw3g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Benin City">Benin (a cikin abin da ke yanzu Jihar Edo ta Najeriya) zuwa Ewu a cikin Engenni na yanzu, a cikin Ƙananan Gwamnatin Ahoada na Jihar Rivers. A cewar Mark Roman (ɗan asalin Engenni kuma memba na ma'aikata a Jami'ar Port Harcourt), mutanen Degema na yanzu sun zauna a Ewu (kusa da Akinima) lokacin da suka bar Benin tare da wasu kungiyoyin da suka zauna a Okilogua a Engenni (ba a Akinima ba, kamar yadda aka yi iƙirarin). Roman ya tabbatar da cewa Ewu ma tana cikin Okilogua. A Ewu, an sami rabuwa wanda ya ɗauki wasu mazauna zuwa Enuedua (Joinkrama) (wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Enuedua), wasu zuwa Ediro (wanda ya zama ƙungiyar Ediro) wasu kuma zuwa Ogua, wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Ogua. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun hada da al'ummar Engenni. Roman ya kuma tabbatar da cewa mutanen Degema sun kasance daga ƙungiyar Ogua.

Rarrabawar a Ewu ta kasance saboda rashin jituwa game da kifi na duk mutanen da ke zaune a can. Wasu daga cikin wadanda suka ba da gudummawar ruwan su don dafa kifi ba su sami rabon su na ruwa ba bayan an dafa shi, ba tare da la'akari da cewa ruwa yana narkewa ba lokacin da aka dumama. Wadanda suka yi wa rauni sun yanke shawarar barin Ewu, kuma sunan Udekaama ya zama mai alaƙa da ƙungiyar da aka yi wa rauni.

Kungiyar Udekaama ta tafi tsibirin Degema da ba a zaune ba a cikin ƙarni na 15 AZ kuma ta zauna a Ipokuma ("ƙauye" ko "ƙauye " a cikin Dẹ 112), wanda yanzu aka sani da Ginin Dokta. Yankin yana daga cikin tsibirin Degema kusa da tsibirin da ba a zaune ba wanda Abonnema (al'umma mai Magana da Kalabari a cikin Karamar Hukumar Akuku-Toru ta Jihar Rivers tana zaune. Udekaama kalma ce ta laima ga kungiyoyi biyu: Usokun-Degema da Degema Town (Atala) (wanda Ugu da Ekeze ke jagoranta, bi da bi, waɗanda suka jagoranci kungiyoyi biyu daga Ewu zuwa Ipokuma. Ekomburu (Obonoma) yana ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka ƙunshi dangin Udeka.^[6]

Ginin a Ipokuma ya kasance kafin zuwan Abonnema (kimanin 1882) da Ƙabilar Kalabari:

A fourth group who were already in their present locations by the time the first two groups came to their new settlements, and who to varying degrees, became associated and identified with Kalabari – Obonoma, Bukuma, Old Bakana, Dekema [sic], Angulama. Some of these have been fully integrated into the Kalabari Kingdom; others (Dekema [sic], Bukuma) still maintain their originality and have relatively tenuous culture-linguistic and conjugal relationship with Kalabari people.
— Degema Local Government 1987: 17^[7]

Manazarta

1 2 Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Degema". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Glottolog" defined multiple times with different content
↑ "Table 1 : Population and Landmass of Rivers State, 1991 -2006". ResearchGate (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-12.
↑ Kari, Ethelbert Emmanuel. 2003. Clitics in Degema: A meeting point of phonology, morphology, and syntax: Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA). ISBN 4-87297-850-1.
↑ Kari, Ethelbert Emmanuel. 2008b. Degema–English dictionary with English index. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA). ISBN 978-4-86337-018-0.
↑ Kari 2011.
↑ Kari, Ethelbert E. 1997. Degema. Munchen-Newcastle: Lincom Europa. ISBN 3-89586-214-2.
↑ Degema Local Government Area. 1987. Operation link Delga. Port Harcourt: Harrison Publishing Company.

[Glottolog-1] 1 2 Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Degema". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Glottolog" defined multiple times with different content

[2] "Table 1 : Population and Landmass of Rivers State, 1991 -2006". ResearchGate (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-12.

[3] Kari, Ethelbert Emmanuel. 2003. Clitics in Degema: A meeting point of phonology, morphology, and syntax: Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA). ISBN 4-87297-850-1.

[4] Kari, Ethelbert Emmanuel. 2008b. Degema–English dictionary with English index. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA). ISBN 978-4-86337-018-0.

[FOOTNOTEKari2011-5] Kari 2011.

[6] Kari, Ethelbert E. 1997. Degema. Munchen-Newcastle: Lincom Europa. ISBN 3-89586-214-2.

[7] Degema Local Government Area. 1987. Operation link Delga. Port Harcourt: Harrison Publishing Company.

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