Harshen Iau
| Harshen Iau | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
tmu |
| Glottolog |
iauu1242[1] |
Iau (Iaw, Yau) ko Turu yare ne na Lakes Plain na Yammacin Papua, kasar Indonesia, wanda kusan mutane 2,100 ke magana, masu magana da wannan yaren su ne Mutanen Turu (Iau). Yawancin masu magana suna da yare ɗaya, kuma yawan su yana ƙaruwa. Sauran mutane a yankin yammacin Lakes Plain suna magana da Iau na asali. Iau yana da sautin sauti, tare da sautuna 11 a kan sunaye da sautunan 19 masu sauƙi da kuma hadaddun akan aikatau.
Sunayen da yaruka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Harsuna sune Foi (Poi), Turu, Edopi (Elopi), da Iau daidai; waɗannan na iya zama daban don a dauke su harsuna daban-daban. Ana magana da Foi a kan babban Kogin Tariku (Rouffaer River), Turu a kan Kogin Van Daalen, Iau daidai tsakanin koguna, da Edopi a mahaɗar kogin Tariku da Kliki (Fou).
Wani suna ga yaren shine Urundi ~ Ururi . Dosobou (Dou, Doufou) shine musamman Edopi.
A cikin Puncak Jaya Regency, ana magana da yarukan Iau a ƙauyukan Bakusi, Duita, Fawi, da Fi, waɗanda ke tsakanin Kogin Rouffaer da Kogin Van Daalen a Gundumar Fawi . [2]
Fasahar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tattaunawar da ke biyowa ta dogara ne akan Bateman (1990a).
Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Labial | Coronal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless plosive | /t/ [t] | /k/ [k] | |
| Implosive–nasal | /b/ [ɓ] | /d/ [ɗ] | |
| Fricative | /f/ [ɸ ~ h] | /s/ [s] |
Akwai sassan shida. /t d/ na hakora ne; /s/ na alveolar ne. /b d/ suna da implosive, kuma ana iya gane su a matsayin hanci [m], [n] a gaban ƙananan wasula na hanci /a/ ([ã]). /d/ kuma ana iya gane shi azaman ruwa [l] kafin /a/.
Sautin sautin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| A gaba | Tsakiya | Komawa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fricated | [I][ij] | ||
| Kusa | /i/ | /u/ | |
| Kusa da kusa | /ɪ/ | /ʊ/ | |
| Bude-tsakiya | /e/ [ɛ ~ æ] | /o/ [ɔ] | |
| Bude | /a/ [ã] |
Ƙananan wasula koyaushe ana amfani da shi, sai dai idan yana da wani bangare na diphthong. Sautin gaba mai buɗewa ya bambanta tsakanin [ɛ] da [æ].
Wadannan diphthongs sun wanzu:
| ɛ | ɪ | ʊ | i | u | Ya kasance a ciki | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | aɛ | aɪ | aʊ | ai | zuwa | Ya kasance a ciki |
| ɛ | ɛi | |||||
| Owu | Ofi | Oii | ||||
| ʊ | ʊɪ | |||||
| u | shi ne |
Babu diphthongs da ke farawa da /ɪ iʹ/ ko ƙare a cikin /a ɔ/ .
Akwai triphthongs guda biyu: /aui/ da /aʊɪ/ . Abubuwan da ke baya na waɗannan triphthongs an gane su a matsayin marasa zagaye [ɯ] da [ɯ]].
Kalmomin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmomin sun ƙunshi ƙananan wasali. Suna iya haɗawa da ma'anar farawa guda ɗaya da / ko ma'anar coda guda ɗaya. Diphthongs da triphthongs an tabbatar da su. Tsarin shine (C) (V) V (V) (C). Rukunin da ke ɗauke da sautin shine syllable.
Matsi a cikin Iau ana iya hango shi: yana faɗuwa a kan sashi na ƙarshe na kalmomin disyllabic. (Maganar bazai fi tsayi fiye da kalmomi biyu ba.) Ma'amala tsakanin damuwa da sautin ba a bayyane yake ba.
Sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Iau shine mafi rikitarwa na Lakes Plain. Ba kamar sauran harsunan Lakes Plain ba wanda zai iya zama disyllabic ko trisyllabic, tsarin kalmar Iau galibi monosyllabic ne. Iau yana da sautuna takwas, wanda Bateman ya rubuta ta amfani da lambobin sautin lambobi (tare da 1 mai girma da 5 mai ƙanƙanta, kamar yadda yake a yawancin Afirka da Amurka amma akasin yarjejeniyar da aka yi amfani da ita tare da harsunan Asiya): sautuna biyu masu tasowa (ƙananan tasowa da tasowa), sautuna uku masu faɗuwa (babban ƙasa, tsakiya, da tsakiya), da sautunan da sautun da ke fadowa. A cikin sauti, waɗannan sune:
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Iau". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Indonesia languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). SIL International.