Harshen Iwam

Harshen Iwam
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Papuan; Sepik (en) ; Iwam-Wogamus (en) ; Harsunan Iwam; Harshen Iwam; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	iwm
Glottolog	iwam1256

Yaren May River Iwam, sau da yawa ana kiransa Iwam, yare ne na Lardin Sepik na Gabas, Papua New Guinea.

Ana magana da shi a Iyomempwi da yake a ( 141°53′34′′E / 4.24117°S 141.89271°E / -4.24117; 141.89-271 (Imombi)), Mowi (4°17′42′′S 141 °55′′E / .2971°S 141.529199°E / .^[2]

Fasahar sauti

Sautin sautin

Sautin sautin
	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
Kusa	i		u
Tsakanin	e	ə	o
Bude		a

A cikin matsayi na ƙarshe, /u/ /o/, /i/, da /e/ sune [ʊ] [ɔ], [ɪ], da [ɛ], bi da bi. /ə/ ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin kalmomin da ba na ƙarshe ba. Lokacin da suke kusa da ƙwayoyin hanci, ana amfani da wasula; ana iya yin amfani da hanci lokacin da suke kusa le iyakokin kalma.

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
	Biyuwa	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Gishiri
Hanci	m	n		ŋ
Plosive	p	t		k
Fricative		s			h
Flap		r
Semivowel			j	w

/p/ da /k/ suna da murya ([β] da [ɣ]) bi da bi) lokacin da ake amfani da su kuma ba a sake su ba lokacin ƙarshe (/t/ kuma ba a saki su ba lokacin karshe). /ŋ/ kalma ce ta hanci ([ɾ̃]) da farko kuma tsakanin wasula. /s/ shine [ts] da farko kuma in ba haka ba za a iya palatalized . Tsarin kowane ma'ana da /w/ ana hana su kafin /u/ inda ake jin wani offglide koyaushe.

Fonotactics

Ana iya bin sautin Bilabial da velar da /n/ da /w/ lokacin da aka fara. Sauran rukunin farko sun haɗa da /pr/, /kr/, /hr/, /hw/, da /hn/ kuma rukunin ƙarshe sune /w/ ko /j/ biye da kowane ma'ana sai dai /h/ ko /ŋ/ .

Wakilan sunaye

Wakilan Kogin Iwam na Mayu: ^[3]:^:282

Nau'o'in suna

Kamar yarukan Wogamus, Kogin Mayu Iwam yana da nau'o'i biyar: ^[3]

Kamar yadda misalin da ke sama ya nuna don Ana 'hannu', sunan na iya ɗaukar nau'o'i daban-daban dangane da halaye na jiki da aka jaddada.

Halin Magana

Kogin Mayu -uwa yana da ƙididdigar lokaci guda huɗu: matutinal -yok, dayurnal -harok, postmeridial -tep da kuma dare -wae . ^[4]

Kalmomin kalmomi

Kalmomin ƙamus na Iwam sun fito ne daga Foley (2005) da Laycock (1968), kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin bayanan Trans-New Guinea: ^[5]

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Iwam". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Foley-Sepik" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Foley (2018:286), Jacques, Guillaume (2023). "Periodic tense markers in the world's languages and their sources". Folia Linguistica. 57 (3): 539–562. doi:10.1515/flin-2023-2013.
↑ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Iwam". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[UN-PNG-2] United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange.

[Foley-Sepik-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Foley-Sepik" defined multiple times with different content

[4] Foley (2018:286), Jacques, Guillaume (2023). "Periodic tense markers in the world's languages and their sources". Folia Linguistica. 57 (3): 539–562. doi:10.1515/flin-2023-2013.

[5] Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.

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