Harshen Javanese
| Harshen Javanese | |
|---|---|
| Basa Jawa — Jawa | |
'Yan asalin magana |
harshen asali: 68,300,000 (2019) 84,308,740 (2000) |
| |
Baƙaƙen boko, Pegon script, Kawi script (en)  , Javanese script da Formal Javanese Spelling (en) | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-1 |
jv |
| ISO 639-2 |
jav |
| ISO 639-3 |
jav |
| Glottolog |
glob1245[1] |
 | |
Java (/ˌdʒɑːvəˈniːz/ JAH-və-NEEZ, /dʒævə-/ JAV-ə-, /-ˈniːs/ -NEESS; Basa Jawa, Rubutun Javanese: ː, Pegon: Samfuri:Script/Arabic , IPA: [bɔsɔ d͡ʒɔwɔ]) yare ne na Austronesian da Mutanen Javan ke magana da farko daga tsakiyar da gabashin tsibirin Java, Indonesia. Har ila yau, akwai aljihun masu magana da Javanese a arewacin gabar yammacin Java. Harshen asali ne na mutane sama da miliyan 68.
Javanese shine mafi girma daga cikin yarukan Austronesian a yawan masu magana da asali. Yana da yarukan yanki da yawa da kuma wasu nau'ikan matsayi daban-daban.[2] Iyalansa mafi kusa sune yarukan makwabta kamar Sundanese, Madurese, da Balinese. Yawancin masu magana da Javanese suna magana da Indonesian don dalilai na hukuma da kasuwanci da kuma hanyar sadarwa tare da 'Yan Indonesiya da ba na Javanese ba.
Akwai masu magana da Javanese a Malaysia (wanda aka fi mayar da hankali a yankin Yammacin Yammacin jihohin Selangor da Johor) da Singapore. Har ila yau, al'ummomin baƙi na gargajiya na zuriyar Javanese a Suriname, Sri Lanka da New Caledonia suna magana da Javanese.[3]
Tare da Indonesian, Javanese yare ne na hukuma a Yankin Musamman na Yogyakarta, Indonesia .
Yankin rarraba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana magana da Javanese a duk faɗin Indonesia, ƙasashen da ke kusa da su a Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Netherlands, Suriname, New Caledonia, da sauran ƙasashe. Ana samun mafi yawan masu magana a larduna shida na Java kanta, da kuma lardin Sumatran mai makwabtaka da Lampung.
Ana magana da yaren a Yogyakarta, Tsakiya da Gabashin Java, da kuma arewacin gabar tekun Yammacin Java da Banten. Har ila yau, mutanen Javanese a wasu larduna na Indonesia suna magana da shi a wasu wurare, waɗanda suke da yawa saboda shirin ƙaura da gwamnati ta ba da izini a ƙarshen karni na 20, gami da lardunan Lampung, Jambi, da Arewacin Sumatra. A Suriname, ana magana da Javanese tsakanin zuriyar masu ƙaura da Dutch suka kawo a cikin karni na 19. [4] A Madura, Bali, Lombok, da yankin Sunda na Yammacin Java, ana amfani da shi azaman harshen wallafe-wallafen. Harshen kotu ne a Palembang, Kudancin Sumatra, har sai da Dutch suka kori fadar a ƙarshen karni na 18.
An rubuta Javanese tare da Rubutun Latin, Rubutun Javanese, da Rubutun Larabci.[5] A yau, rubutun Latin ya mamaye rubuce-rubuce, kodayake har yanzu ana koyar da rubutun Javanese a matsayin wani ɓangare na batun yaren Javanese na tilas a firamare har zuwa matakan makarantar sakandare a Yogyakarta, Tsakiya da Gabashin Java.
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Javanese". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ "Javanese language". britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ↑ Akhyari Hananto (December 8, 2017). "121 Years of Javanese People in New Caledonia". Seasia: Good News from Southeast Asia.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ van der Molen 1993.