Harshen Kakwa
| Harshen Kakwa | |
|---|---|
'Yan asalin magana | 250 (2015) |
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
cbv |
| Glottolog |
cacu1241[1] |
 | |
Harshe ko Yaren Cacua[2][3][4], wanda aka fi sani da Kakua[5] ko Kakwa, yare ne na asali wanda 'yan daruruwan mutane ke magana a Colombia da Brazil. Akwai masu magana da harshe guda da yawa, musamman yara.[2] Baya ga kasancewa kusa da ko yaren Nukak, rarraba shi ba shi da tabbas.
Bayani na gaba ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Harshen yana magana da 'yan asalin Amurka Cacua [Kakua] waɗanda ke zaune a cikin gandun daji na Colombia da Brazil [6] da ke sama da mita 200 (660 a tsawo. Mutanen suna da hanyoyin rayuwa na gargajiya kamar farauta da tattara makiyaya da aikin gona. Akwai wasu masu magana da ba na asali na Cacua waɗanda galibi ma'aikatan mishan ne. Kasancewarsu ta haifar da fassarar matani na Kirista na addini, musamman Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Kirista.[7]
Rarraba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masu magana suna cikin Wacara (A cikin Cacua: Wacará) wanda ke da nisan kilomita 30 (19 daga Mitu (A cikin Caacua da Mutanen Espanya: Mitú) a cikin ƙananan Yankin Vaupes . [8] (A cikin Mutanen Espanya: Departamento del Vaupés). Ginin Kakua na biyu shine "Nuevo Pueblo" (Sabon Birni), wanda ƙauyen daji ne tsakanin kogin Vaupés da Papurí.
Rarraba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai yare guda biyu: Vaupés Cacua da Macú-Paraná Cacua . Cacua yana da fahimtar juna tare da Nukak, [8] kuma Martins ya dauke shi yaren na ƙarshe (1999). Dubi wannan labarin don ƙarin rarrabuwa.
Sauran sunayen wannan yaren sun hada da: Bára, Cakua, Kákwa, Macu de Cubeo, Macu De Desano, Macude Guanano, Macú-Paraná, Wacara . [8]
Fasahar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kakwa yana da sautuna shida: /a, e, i, ɨ, o, u/ .[9] Sauti /o / yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin yaren Wacara, yayin da aka tabbatar da shi ga yaren Nuevo Pueblo. A cikin mahallin hanci kawai wasula biyar zasu iya faruwa.
Kakwa yana da ƙwayoyi goma sha bakwai:
| Labari | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Gishiri | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dakatar da | ba tare da murya ba | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | ʔ |
| <small id="mwjg">murya</small> | b | d | g | |||
| <small id="mwmg">murya mai tsayi</small> | b̰ | d̰ | ɡ̰ | |||
| Fricative | f | h | ||||
| Hanci | m | n | ɲ | |||
| Kusanci | fili | j | w | |||
| murya mai tsayi | j̰ | w̰ | ||||
Nasal a cikin Kakwa wani abu ne na prosodic na morpheme wanda ke shafar dukkan sassan a cikin kowane morpheme sai dai dakatarwar murya da glottalized palatal glide a matsayi na farko. Kowane morpheme ko dai gaba ɗaya hanci ne ko gaba ɗaya baki.
Kakwa yare ne na sauti kuma yana nuna sautuna uku masu banbanci: Rising (LH), falling] (HL), da low (L).
Harshen harshe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Harshen yana amfani da ma'anar-abu-kalma da kuma tsari na kalma-kalma-abu.[8]
Harsuna biyu da karatu da rubutu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rahotanni da SIL ta tattara a 1982 sun bayyana cewa masu magana da yawa suna da yare ɗaya, musamman yara. Wani al'amari mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa duk da cewa karatu da rubutu yana da ƙarancin ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa, ya fi girma a cikin yaren asalin ƙasar, a kusan 10%, idan aka kwatanta da 5% a cikin Mutanen Espanya, akasin yanayin yawancin yarukan asalin ƙasar Amurka.[8] Cacua yana amfani da haruffa na Latin.[8]
Rubutun samfurin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ka yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai ba da labari[10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Kakwa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- 1 2 Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons; Charles D. Fennig, eds. (2015). "Ethnologue: Languages of the World" (Eighteenth ed.). SIL International. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
Cacua
- ↑ "Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: cbv". ISO 639-3 Registration Authority - SIL International. Retrieved 2017-07-03.
Name: Cacua
- ↑ "Cacua entry". Global Recordings.
- ↑ "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories". linguistics.berkeley.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-08-09.
- ↑ "Cacua entry". Global Recordings.
- ↑ "Bogota Explosion!". Kids Ministry International. Archived from the original on 2007-10-22.
Cacua language
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons; Charles D. Fennig, eds. (2015). "Ethnologue: Languages of the World" (Eighteenth ed.). SIL International. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
Cacua
Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons; Charles D. Fennig, eds. (2015). "Ethnologue: Languages of the World" (Eighteenth ed.). Dallas: SIL International. Retrieved 2020-06-30.Cacua
Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "e18" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories". linguistics.berkeley.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-08-09.
- ↑ Ded pah jwiít jwĩ jw... 1997 (in Cacua), Ethnologue
- Phonology da harshe
Haɗin waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Colombian Languages Collection of Katherine Bolaños Quiñonez An adana shi 2019-01-29 a a Archived of the indigenous Languages of Latin America. Ya ƙunshi rikodin ajiya 43 na sama da awa 1 na Kakwa da aka yi magana.