Harshen Korandje

Harshen Korandje
Dangin harshen	Nilo-Saharan Harsunan Songhay Harsunan Arewacin Songhay Harshen Korandje
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	kcy
Glottolog	kora1291

Korandje (Korandje: kwạṛa n dzyəy ; Arabic ) yaren Songhay na Arewacin ne wanda shine mafi arewa a cikin harsunan Songhay . Ana magana da shi a kusa da Tabelbala na Aljeriya ta wurin mutane kusan 3,000; sunansa a zahiri yana nufin "harshen ƙauye". Duk da cewa yana riƙe da tsarin Songhay, Berber da Larabci suna da tasiri sosai a kansa; kusan kashi 20% na jerin ƙamus na asali na Swadesh mai kalmomi 100 ya ƙunshi kalmomin aro daga Larabci ko Berber, kuma rabon ƙamus gabaɗaya ya fi girma sosai.

Nazarin da aka buga kawai game da Korandje bisa ga bayanai na farko sune Cancel (1908), wani labari mai shafuka 45 na wani laftanar Faransa wanda ya shafi nahawu da ƙamus na asali da kuma wasu misalai na rubutu; Champault (1969), wani bincike na ilimin ɗan adam wanda ya ƙunshi wasu kayan aiki masu dacewa da harshe kamar jimloli da waƙoƙi; Tilmatine (1991, 1996), wani labari (wanda aka buga a cikin Jamusanci, sannan aka sake yin aiki a cikin Faransanci) wanda ya sake duba Cancel da Champault da kuma ƙara kusan shafi na sabbin bayanai da marubucin ya rubuta; da Souag (2010a, 2010b), wanda ya fara jayayya kan batun lamunin Western Berber a cikin ƙamus, na biyun yana nazarin tasirin hulɗa da Berber da Larabci akan nahawunsa

Ilimin sautuka

Ba a yi cikakken nazarin sauti na Korandje ba, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar ƙananan nau'i-nau'i, tukuna. A cewar Souag (2010), tsarin wasali ya ƙunshi lax ə, ŭ [ ʊ ], ə̣̣ [ ʌ ] da kuma lokaci a [ a ], i, u, ạ [ ɑ ], ụ [ o ], yayin da tsarin harafi kamar haka:

		Labial		Coronal		Palatal	Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal	Glottal
		plain	lab.	plain	pha.		plain	lab.	plain	lab.
Nasal		m	mʷ	n
Plosive	voiceless			t	tˤ		k	kʷ	q	qʷ		ʔ
	voiced	b	bʷ	d	dˤ		g	gʷ
Affricate	voiceless			t͡s
	voiced			d͡z
Fricative	voiceless	f	fʷ	s	sˤ	(ʃ)			x	xʷ	ħ	h
	voiced			z	zˤ	(ʒ)			ɣ	ɣʷ	ʕ
Approximant			w	l	lˤ	j
Trill				r	rˤ

Nahawu

Karin magana

Karin magana sune: aγəy, Ni; ni, kai; ana, he/she/it; yau, mu; ndzyu, kai (jam'i); ini, su. Siffofin mallaka sune ʕan, nawa; nən, naka; an, his/her/its; yan, namu; ndzən, naka (pl.); a, nasu. Kafafun yarjejeniyar batun akan fi'ili sune ʕa- I; n-, kai; a-, he/she/it; ya-, mu; ndz-, kai (jam'i); i-, su.

Verbs

Mahimmancin rashin iyaka da na mufuradi duka tushe ne (misali kani "barci"); mahimmin jam'i yana ɗaukar prefix wə- ( wə-kkani "barci! (pl.)"). Cancel ya bayyana haɗin gwiwa kamar haka (kuma ga xani ):

Turanci	Preterite	Turanci	Aorist
na yi barci	xani	Ina barci	a (ba) am xani
ka yi barci	n(e) xani	kana barci	n ba am xani
ya/ta yi barci	xani	yana/tana/tana barci	a âm xani
mun yi barci	ia xani	muna barci	ia âm xani
kai (don Allah) ka yi barci	nd'(a) xani	kai (don Allah) ka yi barci	nd'ba âm xani
sun yi barci	ia xan	suna barci	iba am xani

A cewar Tilmatine, ana soke fi'ilai ta hanyar kewaye su da `as ... hé/hi, misali ni `as ba enγa hé > n`esbanγa hé "kar ka ci abinci!". "A'a" hoho ne ko ho : n'd'xani bînu, willa ho? "ka yi barci jiya, ko a'a?".

Sunaye

Alamar jam'i mafi amfani ita ce clitic =yu :   Wannan alamar ta zo ne a ƙarshen "jimlar suna ta asali", ma'aunin da ya ƙunshi suna+lamba+siffa+number:   Duk da cewa siffofin da ke cikin wannan tsari a bayyane suke na asalin Berber, cikakkun bayanai game da wannan tsarin sun bambanta da kowace yaren Berber da aka tabbatar, kuma wannan jam'in ya faɗaɗa zuwa aƙalla abu ɗaya na asalin Songhay, tsạṛə̣w "cokali" > tsiṛạwən . Wasu lamunin Larabci suma suna riƙe da jam'in Larabci.

Ana bayyana mallakar ta hanyar ƙwayar n, inda mai mallakar ya gabaci mai mallaka:  

Lambobi

Lambobin da ba na Larabci ba ne kawai da ake amfani da su a al'ada su ne a-ffu "ɗaya", inka "biyu", da inẓa "uku". Akwai kuma tsarin ƙidayar "ɓoyayye" ( argot ) da na yara. Tsarin lambobi a cikin jimlolin suna yana da rikitarwa.