Harshen Kurame na Finnish
| Harshen Kurame na Finnish | |
|---|---|
'Yan asalin speakers | 15,000 (2006) |
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
fse |
| Glottolog |
finn1310[1] |
Harshen Alamar Finnish ( Finnish ) shine yaren alamar da aka fi amfani da shi a Finland . Akwai kurame Finnish kusan 3,000 (kimanin 2012) ke magana da shine waɗanda suke da Harshen kurame na Finnish a matsayin yaren farko. Kamar yadda tsarin Finnish ke rubuta masu amfani da yarensu, ba magana kawai ba, kusan duk kurame da suka sa hannu ana sanya su ta wannan hanyar kuma ana iya shigar da su cikin jimlar harshen Finnish. A tarihi manufar ita ce ta baki, inda aka koya wa kurame magana da harshen Finnish, ko da ba za su ji ba; don haka an rubuta tsofaffi a ƙarƙashin waɗannan adadi. A shekara ta 2014, mutane 500 ne kawai suka yi rajistar yaren kurame na Finnish a matsayin yaren farko. Akwai yarukan alamomi da yawa waɗanda suka zo ƙarƙashin wannan lakabin; FSL ga waɗanda ke iya gani; Sa hannu Finnish, wanda ba ya bin ka'idodin nahawu iri ɗaya, da kuma sigar ga waɗanda suke makafi da kurma. Don haka, akwai kusan mutane 8,000 da ke amfani da Harshen Kurame na Finnish ta harshe. Ƙididdiga da yawa sun ce 5,000, amma waɗannan karin gishiri ne da aka samu daga kurame 14,000 a Finland (da yawa daga cikinsu ba sa jin yaren kurame na Finland). Harshen Alamar Finnish ya samo asali ne daga Harshen Alamar Yaren mutanen Sweden, wanda shine yare daban-daban daga Harshen Alamar Yaren mutanen Sweden (wanda shine harshen Finnish na Yaren mutanen Sweden wanda aka samo daga Harshen Alamar Finnish, wanda akwai kimanin masu magana da 90 a Finland), wanda ya fara rabuwa a matsayin harshe mai zaman kanta a tsakiyar karni na 19.
Dokokin Finnish sun amince da Harshen Kurame na Finnish a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yarukan cikin gida na Finland a cikin 1995 lokacin da aka haɗa shi cikin sabon kundin tsarin mulki. Daga nan Finland ta zama ƙasa ta uku a duniya da ta gane yaren kurame a matsayin yaren halitta da kuma haƙƙin amfani da shi a matsayin yarensu.
An koyar da darussan "harshe na alama" a Finland tun daga shekarun 1960. A wannan lokacin, koyarwa ta koyar da alamomi amma ta bi tsarin kalmomin Finnish (duba Manually Coded Language). Daga baya, yayin da bincike kan yarukan kurame gabaɗaya da Harshen Kurame na Finnish musamman suka ƙayyade cewa yarukan kurkuku suna da ƙamus daban-daban daga harsunan baki, koyarwar Harshen Kurama na Finnish da Harshen Firam ya rabu.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya gano harshen kurame na Finnish zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1800 lokacin da Carl Oscar Malm, wani kurma na Finnish wanda ya yi karatu a Sweden, ya kafa makarantar farko ta Finland don kurame a Porvoo a 1846. Harshen kurame na Sweden da Malm ya yi amfani da shi ya bazu tsakanin kurame na Finnish, ya samo asali cikin yarensa. An kafa kungiyar farko don kurame a Finland a Turku a 1886. Albert Tallroth ya shiga cikin kafa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na kurame guda biyar da kuma Ƙungiyar Kurame ta Finland. A ƙarshen 1800s, oralism, ko hanyar magana, ya fara samun tagomashi a cikin ilimin kurame a Finland. Wannan ya haifar da haramtacciyar yaren kurame a makarantu, koda a karkashin barazanar azabtarwa. Kuma a sakamakon oralism, Harshen Kurame na Finnish da Harshen Kurama na Finnish-Swedish sun fara rarrabuwa. Duk da haramcin, dalibai a makarantun kurame sun ci gaba da amfani da yaren kurame a asirce a cikin dakunan kwana. Amfani da yaren kurame ya ci gaba a cikin kurame, yayin da ake amfani da yaren da aka koya a makaranta yayin hulɗa da masu ji.
Jama'a sun fara samun kyakkyawan hali ga kurame da yaren kurame bayan shekarun 1970s. Harshen kurame ya zama kayan aiki don farfadowa da ilimi, kuma an fara koyar da shi a cikin darussan iyaye na yara kurame. A shekara ta 1979, ayyukan fassara sun zama wani ɓangare na dokar nakasassu, kuma a shekara ta 1995, yaren kurame ya sami matsayin tsarin mulki. A cikin 1991, an rubuta yiwuwar ilimin yaren kurame a cikin Dokar Ilimi ta asali. Dokar Ilimi ta asali ta yanzu, da kuma sabon tsarin karatun don ilimin asali a cikin Tsarin Ilimi na asali na 2014, sun ƙayyade cewa "idan ya cancanta, ya kamata a ba da ilimi a cikin yaren kurame don masu jin daɗi. " Ilimi a cikin yarin kurame wajibi ne ga kurame waɗanda suka koyi yaren kurma a matsayin yarensu na farko. [2]Samfuri:Swedish Sign Language family tree
Ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya nazarin yaren kurame a matsayin babban jami'a a Jami'ar Jyväskylä, wanda kuma ke ba da horo ga malami na yaren kurkuku. Bugu da ƙari, ya yiwu a kammala karatun asali a cikin yaren kurame da sadarwa a Jami'ar Turku . [3]
Mutum na iya karatu don zama malami na yaren kurame a makarantar sakandare ta Pohjois-Savo Folk a Kuopio, a Rovala-Opisto a Rovaniemi, da kuma Cibiyar Kirista ta Turku.[4]
Ana iya nazarin yaren kurame na Finnish a kungiyar Finnish Association of the Deaf Folk High School, cibiyoyin ilimi na manya, da jami'o'in bazara.[5]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Kurame na Finnish". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ "Kuurojen historia" (in Yaren mutanen Finland). Viittomakielisen opetuksen portti. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
- ↑ "Luokanopettajakoulutus | Jyväskylän yliopisto".
- ↑ "Viittomakieli ammattina". Kuurojen Liitto. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
- ↑ "Viittomakielen opiskelu". Kuurojen Liitto. Retrieved 13 June 2020.