Harshen Mankanya

Harshen Mankanya
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo; Harsunan Atlantic-Congo; Harsunan Yammacin Atlantika; Northern Atlantic (en) ; Bak (en) ; Mankanya; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	knf
Glottolog	mank1251

Harshen Mankanya ( Portuguese ; French ) ana magana da kusan mutane 86,000 a Guinea-Bissau, Senegal da Gambia da farko 'yan kabilar da ke da suna iri daya. Nasa ne na reshen Bak na dangin harshen Atlantic-Congo.

Ana magana da Mancanha a gabashin yankin Harshen Manjak da arewacin tsibirin Bissau. Ana kuma kiranta Brame .

Yanayin zamantakewa da harshe

Harshen yana da matsayi a matsayin harshen ƙasa a Senegal, kuma kwanan nan an haɓaka rubutun don rubuta shi. Mankanya an san shi da "Uhula" da mutane da kansu (Mutanen Mankanya, ko "Bahula"). Sunan 'Mankanya' ana zaton an ba da shi ga mutane da yarensu ta masu mulkin mallaka waɗanda suka yi kuskuren sunan shugabansu a lokacin mulkin mallaka don sunan ƙungiyar mutane kanta.

Harshen ya ƙunshi kalmomin aro da yawa daga Kriol. Har ila yau, akwai Harsuna biyu da yawa a Mandjak, harshe mai alaƙa da juna wanda ya fi fahimta da juna, da kuma wasu harsunan 'yan tsiraru da ake magana a yankin, kamar Mandinka da Jola. A ƙarshe, masu magana da Mankanya a Senegal suma sun san Faransanci, kuma waɗanda ke Gambiya sun san Turanci.

Littattafai

Akwai fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Kirista a cikin harshen Mankanya, wanda ake samu ta hanyar aikace-aikacen YouVersion. Ya haɗa da rikodin magana (biblilla mai sauti).^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Fasahar sauti

Consonants
	Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar
Plosive	p b	t d	ʈ	(c) ɟ	k g
Fricative	f	θ, (s)	ʂ		x
Nasal	m	n		ɲ	ŋ
Approximant	w	r, l		j

Kowane ma'anar da ba ta hanci ba tare da /s/ da /c/ za a iya yin amfani da su ba, duk da haka yana yiwuwa a bincika waɗannan ma'anar a matsayin jerin ma'anar hanci maimakon sauti daban-daban.
Alamar /c/ tana da wuya sosai, tana faruwa ne kawai a cikin ideophones da kalmomin aro.
Ana samun sautin /s/ ne kawai a cikin kalmomin aro.
Masu magana da aka haifa a Dakar suna kiran /θ/ a matsayin [s].
Ana kiran shi a matsayin kalma a ƙarshe.

Sautin
	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
Babba	i iː		u uː
Kusan sama			ʊ ʊː
Tsakanin	da kumaːeː	ə	o oː
Ƙananan		a aː

/a/ yana cikin bambancin kyauta tare da [ɜ] a cikin sassan da aka rufe.

Ana sanya damuwa a kan sashi na farko na tushen.Mankanya ba sautin sautin sa ba ne.

Tsarin rubuce-rubuce

Mankanya Alphabet (Senegal)
A	B	C	D	E	Ni	F	G	H	Na	J	K	L	M	N	Ñ	Ŋ	O	P	R	S	Ş	T	Sanya	Ţ	U	W	Y
a	b	c	d	da kuma	Ya kasance a cikin	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	ñ	ŋ	o	p	r	s	ş	t	氣	ţ	u	w	da kuma

Harshen harshe

Mankanya yana da tsarin aji na suna, tare da aji 10. ^[2]^[2] Ana gabatar da sunaye tare da morpheme wanda ke ƙunshe da nau'in suna da lamba (singular vs jam'i), da sauran abubuwa na sashi, kamar masu gyarawa ga sunan, da aikatau idan sunan shine batun, ana nuna su don yarda da aji da lambar sunan.^[2]^[2] Wasu nau'o'in suna nuna ƙarin bambanci tsakanin prefix na nau'i-nau'i na gaba ɗaya, da ƙididdigar prefix na jam'i wanda ake amfani da shi idan an canza sunan ta lamba.^[2] Ana amfani da aji na 1 ga dukkan mutane, tare da sunaye da yawa a ciki kasancewa agentives da aka samo daga aikatau.^[2] Class 8 ba shi da bambancin lambobi, kuma wasu sunaye za a iya canza su zuwa aji na 8 don ɗaukar ma'anar ma'anar, kamar canza "dutse" zuwa "dutse".^[2] Ana amfani da aji na 9 don rance na baya-bayan nan, kalmomin da ba su da wani nau'i na asali kamar sunayen tambayoyi (Ko da yake wakilin "wanda" ya haifar da yarjejeniyar aji na 1 ), da kuma tushen da zai iya faruwa tare da prefixes daban-daban don nufin "wuri", wanda ke da ma'ana ta gaba ɗaya.^[2]^[2] Class 10 ne kawai kuma ana amfani dashi don raguwa; sunaye suna da asali aji na 10, duk a ciki an samo su ne daga sunayen wasu azuzuwan. Ƙananan sunaye, galibi kalmomin dangi, ana iya mallaka su ta hanyar amfani da ma'anar ma'anar ga wasu masu mallaka.^[2] Akwai sunayen mutum na 1 da na 2 na lambobi biyu, da kuma sunayen da aka yi alama ga kowane aji da lambar. Wakilan suna da batun, abu, da siffofin mallaka. Wasu nau'ikan abubuwa sune kalmomin aikatau, yayin da mafi yawansu masu zaman kansu ne. Abubuwa da sunayen sarauta galibi iri ɗaya ne, akwai ƙayyadaddun abu na aji 1, da ƙayyadadden mutum na uku, wanda ke ɗaukar siffofi daban-daban.^[2]

The noun is the first element in noun phrases, being followed by other elements. Inalienable possessors, used mostly for kin terms, and terms like "body", or "household" directly follow the head noun, while alienable possessors occur later in the noun phrase, after adjectives and numerals, and are preceded by a genitive particle that agrees in noun class and number with the head noun.^[2] Adjectives also agree with the head noun, as do lower numerals.^[2] Demonstratives follow after these elements and alienable possessors, also agreeing with the head, and display 3 degrees of distance, as well as a fourth form used in narratives.^[2] They may co-occur with a discourse anaphoric demonstrative, which does not agree.^[2] Demonstratives and adjectives both may head noun phrases, agreeing with an omitted head. Relative clauses occur at the end of the noun phrase, and have two different structures based on whether the noun is the subject of the relative clause or not. Both mark the verb in the relative clause with a "selectional" suffix, while subject relative clauses also prenasalise the first consonant of the verb stem, with non-subject relative clauses being preceded by an agreeing genitive particle instead, like an inalienable possessor.^[2] There are three prepositions, expressing "like/similar to", "with", and "until",^[2] as well as a set of locatives, locative modifiers, and locative nouns. Locatives precede a noun phrase, marking both inside vs general location at, and distance.^[2] They are often accompanied by a locative modifier which occurs after the noun phrase, and display more specific locational meanings.^[2] Locative nouns instead function as the head of a noun phrase, being possessed by the noun they relate to, akin to English "the front of the house".^[2] Locative phrases are unspecified for directionality, with this being lexically specified by the verb (eg. go vs come),.^[2] Proper nouns can serve as locative phrases without locational marking.^[2]

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Mankanya". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 ^2.16 ^2.17 ^2.18 ^2.19 ^2.20 ^2.21 Gaved 2020.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Mankanya". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[FOOTNOTEGaved2020-2] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 ^2.16 ^2.17 ^2.18 ^2.19 ^2.20 ^2.21 Gaved 2020.

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