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Harshen Mukomuko

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Mukomuko
Bahaso Mukomuko
Asali a Indonesia (Bengkulu)
Yanki Mukomuko Regency, Bengkulu (Indonesia)
Ƙabila Mukomuko
'Yan asalin magana
 (26,000 cited 1993)[1]
kasafin harshe
  • Northern Mukomuko
    Southern Mukomuko
Latin (Indonesian alphabet)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 vmo retired and subsumed into Samfuri:Code[2]
min-vmo
Glottolog muko1237[3]
  Areas where Mukomuko language is a majority

Harshen Mukomuko (bahaso Mukomuko) yare ne a cikin dangin yaren Minangkabau da mutanen Mukomuko ke magana, wani rukuni na Mutanen Minangkabau da ke zaune a Mukomuko Regency a arewacin Bengkulu wanda ke kan iyaka da Yammacin Sumatra . [4] A shekara ta 1993, an kiyasta masu magana da Mukomuko sun kai 26,000.[5] Mukomuko yana da alaƙa da yaren Minangkabau kuma yana da kamanceceniya da yaren Pancung Soal, wanda ake magana a kudancin Pesisir Selatan Regency a Yammacin Sumatra . [6] [7] Yankin rarraba wannan yaren ya kai ga arewacin Mukomuko Regency. A fannin ƙasa, Mukomuko tana kan iyaka tsakanin Bengkulu da West Sumatra, wanda ke inganta hulɗa tsakanin mutanen Mukomuko da Minangkabau. Wannan kusanci yana haifar da yanayin da ke da al'adu, wanda ke wakiltar haɗuwa da al'adun biyu ko fiye.[7]

Mazaunan arewacin Mukomuko su ne mutanen Minangkabau. A al'ada, a al'ada da harshe, suna da alaƙa da Pesisir Selatan na Yammacin Sumatra. A baya, yankin Mukomuko ya kasance wani ɓangare na Pesisir Selatan diaspora na Minangkabau. Baya ga Minangkabau, mutanen Pekal ne ke zaune a kudancin yankin Mukomuko. Yankin Mukomuko kuma yanki ne na Minangkabau (Rantau), sau da yawa ana kiransa yankin Riak nan Berdebur, tare da gabar yamma daga Padang zuwa Kudancin Bengkulu . [8][7] Koyaya, tun Lokacin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, an raba yankin Mukomuko daga Yammacin Sumatra. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an raba mutanen Mukomuko daga danginsu a Yammacin Sumatra, wanda ya ci gaba zuwa lokacin mulkin mallaka na Dutch, mamayar Japan, da kuma cikin Zamanin 'yancin kai.[8] Ƙarnuka na rabuwa sun haifar da yaren Mukomuko a hankali ya rabu da daidaitattun Minangkabau, musamman a cikin ƙamus. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan canje-canje, fahimtar juna tsakanin yarukan biyu gabaɗaya tana ci gaba.

An dauki yaren Minangkabau a matsayin harshen magana a arewacin Bengkulu, yana nuna tasirinsa a kan harsunan makwabta kamar Bengkulu Malay, musamman dangane da ilimin sauti da ƙamus.[9]

Rarraba

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mukomuko na cikin reshen yarukan Malay na rukuni na Malayo-Polynesian na dangin yaren Austronesian, wanda ya haɗa da Malay da daidaitattun Indonesian. A fannin harshe, yana da kamanceceniya mai karfi da harshen Minangkabau, musamman yaren Pesisir Selatan da ake magana a makwabciyar Pesisir Seetan Regency. A cikin ƙamus, yaren Mukomuko yana da kusan kashi 86% zuwa 90% na ƙamus tare da yaren Pesisir Selatan. Saboda wadannan kamanceceniyar harshe, wasu bincike sun ba da shawarar rarraba Mukomuko a matsayin yaren Minangkabau.[10]

Rarrabawar ƙasa da amfani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yawancin masu magana da Mukomuko suna zaune a Gundumar Arewacin Mukomuko da Gundumar Kudancin Mukomuki na Mukomuko Regency a arewacin Bengkulu. Babban birnin Gundumar Mukomuko ta Arewa shine Mukomuko, yayin da babban birnin Gunduma ta Kudu shine Ipuh . Gundumar Arewacin Mukomuko ta ƙunshi ƙauyuka 39, kuma Gundumar Kudancin Mukomuki ta ƙunshi ƙwayoyi 30. Baya ga Mukomuko, al'umma a cikin waɗannan gundumomi suna magana da Javanese da Kerinci. Java da farko ana magana da shi ne daga masu ƙaura daga Java, yayin da ake magana da Kerinci a ƙauyukan Sungai Ipuh, Pondok Baru, da Sungai Jarinjing a Gundumar Arewacin Mukomuko. Yankin ƙasa na masu magana da harshen Mukomuko ya kai daga ƙauyen Pondok Suguh a kudu zuwa ƙauyen Lubuk Pinang a arewa.[11]

Mukomuko gabaɗaya yana aiki ne kawai a matsayin harshen zamantakewa. Ana amfani dashi a cikin iyali da yanayin al'umma a rayuwar yau da kullun a cikin saitunan al'ada. A lokacin bukukuwan aure, tarurrukan jama'a, wa'azin masallaci, da sauran bukukuwan, mutanen Mukomuko suna sauya lambar tsakanin Indonesian da Mukomuko.[11] A halin yanzu, a ofisoshin gwamnati, makarantu, da saitunan al'ada, ana amfani da Indonesian. Koyaya, a farkon maki na makarantar firamare, malamai daga yankin Mukomuko galibi suna amfani da harshen Mukomuko don gabatar da kayan. A kasuwanni da kuma tsakanin jama'a, ana amfani da harshen Mukomuko tsakanin membobin al'ummar Mukomuko, yayin da tsakanin mutane daga yankuna daban-daban, ana amfani le cakuda Mukomuko da Indonesian ko wasu yarukan yanki.[11]

Ya zuwa 2024, fahimtar muhimmancin adana harsunan gida, gwamnatin yankin Mukomuko ta fara hada harsunan yanki kamar Rejang, Mukomuko, da Serawai a cikin tsarin karatun makaranta.[12]

Fasahar sauti

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sautin sautin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kamar sautin Harsunan Malay, akwai wasula daban-daban guda biyar a Mukomuko, waɗanda sune /i/, /e/, /a/, /u/, da /o/.[11] Harshen Mukomuko galibi yana bin daidaitattun Rubutun Indonesian. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna jadawalin wasula na harshen Mukomuko.[11]

A gaba Tsakiya Komawa
Kusa i u
Tsakanin e o
Bude a

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai ƙwayoyi ashirin a cikin Mukomuko, waɗanda sune /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /ɡ/, /ʔ/, / t͡ɕ/, /D͡ɕ/、 /ɣ/, /r/, /s/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /h/, /ŋ/, /ɲ/, /w/, da /j/. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna jadawalin ma'anar yaren Mukomuko.[11]

Biyuwa Alveolar Alveopalatal Palatal Velar Gishiri
Hanci m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive / AfricateRashin lafiya ba tare da murya ba p t t̠͡ɕ k ʔ
murya b d d̠͡ʑ ɡ
Fricative s (ç) [lower-alpha 1] ɣ h
Semivowel w j
Hanyar gefen l
Trill r

manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Manan et. al. 1986, p. 1.
  2. ↑ "2007-181 | ISO 639-3". iso639-3.sil.org. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Mukomuko". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. ↑ Seyitanto 2001.
  5. ↑ Manan et. al. 1986.
  6. ↑ Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pedidikan dan Kebudayaan. "Bahasa dan Peta Bahasa di Indonesia". Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Ajisman 2018.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Gushevinalti 2011.
  9. ↑ Syamsurizal 2019.
  10. ↑ Rahman et. al. 2022.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Aliana et. al. 1993.
  12. ↑ Aryanto, Ferri (3 January 2024). "Mukomuko masukkan bahasa daerah jadi muatan lokal di sekolah". ANTARA News Bengkulu (in Harshen Indunusiya). Retrieved 2024-06-07.


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