Harshen Niuean

Niuean
ko da vagahau Niuē
'Yan asalin ƙasar	Niue, Tsibirin Cook, New Zealand, Tonga
Masu magana da asali	1,300 a Niue (2018) ,600 a New Zealand (2013)
Iyalin harshe	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Ruwa na teku Polynesia Harshen magana Niuean
Tsarin rubuce-rubuce	Latin
Matsayi na hukuma
Harshen hukuma a cikin	Niue
Lambobin harshe
ISO 639-2	niu
ISO 639-3	niu
Glottolog	niue1239
ELP	Niue
An rarraba Niuean a matsayin mai haɗari ta UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in DangerAtlas na Harsunan Duniya da ke cikin Haɗari

Niuean (/njuˈeɪən/; ko e vagahau Niuē) yare ne na Polynesia, na cikin rukuni yarikan na Malayo-Polynesian na yarukan Austronesian . Yana da alaƙa da yaran Tongan kuma dan kadan ya fi nesa da sauran yarukan Polynesian kamar Māori, Samoan, da Hawaiian. Tare, Tongan da Niuean sun samar da rukuni na Tongic na yarukan Polynesian. Niuean kuma yana da tasiri da yawa daga yarukan Samoan da na Gabashin Polynesia.

Masu magana

Mutane sama da 1,600 ne ke magana da Niue a tsibirin Niue (97.4% na mazauna) a cikin 1991, da kuma masu magana a Tsibirin Cook, New Zealand, da Tonga, don jimlar kusan masu magana 8,000. Don haka akwai masu magana da Niuean da yawa a waje da tsibirin kanta fiye da tsibirin. Yawancin mazaunan Niue suna da harsuna biyu a Turanci.

A farkon shekarun 1990s, kashi 70% na masu magana da Niuean sun zauna a New Zealand.

Harsuna

Niuean ya ƙunshi manyan yaruka guda biyu, tsohuwar yaren Motu daga arewacin tsibirin da yaren Taffiti na kudu. Kalmomin suna nufin, bi da bi, mutanen tsibirin da baƙi (ko mutane daga nesa).

Bambance-bambance tsakanin yarukan galibi suna cikin ƙamus ko a cikin wasu kalmomi.

Misalan bambance-bambance a cikin ƙamus sune volu (Tafiti) vs Matā (Motu) don scrape, scraper da lala (Tafini) vs kautoga (Motu); misalai Na bambance-mbance a cikin tsari sun haɗa da hafule (T) / afule (M), aloka / haloka, nai /nei, ikiiki /liki, da malona / maona.

Fasahar sauti

	Labial	Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p	t	k
Fricative	f Samfuri:Ns v	(s)		h
Nasal	m	n	ŋ
Liquid		l (r)

[s] allophone ne na /t/ kafin wahala na gaba (duka tsawo da gajeren /i/ da /e/); wannan mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga africation na /t / zuwa [ts] kafin waɗannan wasula da kuma canjin da ya biyo baya na [ts] zuwa [s]. Duk da yake tsofaffin rancen kasashen waje (kamar tī daga Turanci 'tea') sun sami wannan canji tare da (ko watakila ta hanyar kwatanci tare da) kalmomin asali, kalmomin da aka aro zuwa Niuean bayan wannan ci gaba suna riƙe da asali [t] (alal misali, telefoni da tikulī daga 'telephone' da 'digiri').

/r/ da /s/ sune alamomi na gefe, suna bayyana ne kawai a cikin rance na kasashen waje. Wasu masu magana suna maye gurbin [l] da [t], bi da bi.

Sautin sautin

	gaba		tsakiya		baya
	short	long	short	long	short	long
sama	i	iː			u	uː
tsakiya	e	eː			o	oː
ƙasa			a	aː

Tsawon wasula ya bambanta a cikin Niuean; wasula ko dai suna da tsawo ko gajere. Bugu da ƙari, wasula guda biyu masu kama da juna (ko gajeren lokaci, gajeren lokaci، gajeren lokaci ko tsawo) sun samar da wasula mai tsawo; sautin ya bambanta da wasula ɗaya mai tsawo.

Dukkanin gajerun sautin da tsawo na iya faruwa a kowane matsayi.

Dukkanin gajerun wasula na iya haɗuwa da juna don samar da diphthongs. Ana iya tsara diphthongs a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa.

		Abu na farko
		/a/	/e/	/i/	/o/	/u/
/a/	-	/ea/	/ia/	/oa/	/ua/
/e/	/ae/	-	/ie/	/oe/	/ue/
/i/	/ai/	/ei/	-	/oi/	/ui/
/o/	/ao/	/eo/	/io/	-	/uo/
/u/	/au/	/eu/	/iu/	/ou/	-

Rashin aiki

Hiatus shine furcin daban-daban na wasula biyu da ke kusa, sabanin diphthongs, waɗanda aka rubuta a matsayin haruffa biyu amma ana furta su a matsayin sauti ɗaya. Wadannan wasula guda biyu na iya zama iri ɗaya ko kuma daban.

Hiatus yawanci yana faruwa a fadin iyakokin morpheme, kamar lokacin da prefix da ya ƙare da wasali ya zo kafin tushen da ya fara da wannan wasali. Hakanan yana iya faruwa, da wuya, a cikin kalmomin monomorphemic (kalmomin da suka kunshi morpheme ɗaya kawai) sakamakon elision na tarihin intervocalic.

Ana kiran gajerun wasula guda biyu da ke kusa da juna daban, kamar yadda haɗuwa da kowane dogon wasula guda guda biyu ko gajeren wasula mai tsawo; gajerun sautin biyu da ke gefen juna na iya fuskantar hiatus ko samar da diphthong. Dole ne a tantance wannan daga yanayin ko asalin kalmar.

Tsarin sautin

Tsarin asali na syllable na Niuean shine (C) V (V); duk syllabe sun ƙare a cikin wasali ko diphthong, kuma suna iya farawa da a kalla ɗaya. Ƙungiyoyin ƙamus a cikin kalmomin da aka aro suna fashewa tare da wasula na epenthetic, misali Ingilishi 'tractor' ya zama tuleketā.