Harshen Saisiyat

Harshen Saisiyat
'Yan asalin magana	harshen asali: 4,750 (2002)
Dangin harshen	Austronesian (en) ; Harsunan Formosan; Harshen Saisiyat; ; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	xsy
Glottolog	sais1237

Saisiyat (wani lokacin ana rubuta shi Saisiat) yare ne na Saisiyat, 'Yan asalin Taiwan. Harshen Formosan ne na dangin Austronesian . Yana da kusan masu magana 4,750.

Rarraba

Yankin harshe na Saisiyat karami ne, yana cikin arewa maso yammacin ƙasar tsakanin yankunan Hakka na Sinanci da Atayal a cikin duwatsu (Wufeng, Hsinchu; Nanchuang da Miaoli" id="mwGw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Shitan, Miaoli">Shitan, Miaoli).

Akwai manyan yaruka guda biyu: Ta'ai (North Saisiyat) da Tungho (South Saisiyat). Ana magana da Ta'ai a cikin Hsinchu kuma ana magana da Tungho a cikin Miao-Li.

Kulon, wani harshen Formosan da ya ƙare, yana da alaƙa da Saisiyat amma masanin harshe na Taiwan Paul Jen-kuei Li ya dauke shi a matsayin yare daban.

Amfani da shi

A yau, mutane dubu daya na Saisiyat ba sa amfani da harshen Saisiyat. Matasa da yawa suna amfani da Hakka ko Atayal a maimakon haka, kuma yara kalilan suna magana da Saisiyat. Masu magana da Sinanci na Hakka, masu magana da Atayal da masu magana da Saisiyat suna zaune tare. Yawancin Saisiyat suna iya magana Saisiyat, Hakka, Atayal, Mandarin, kuma, wani lokacin, Min Nan. Kodayake Saisiyat yana da adadi mai yawa na masu magana, harshen Yana cikin haɗari.

Fasahar sauti

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

**Lissafin ma'ana**
	Labari		Alveolar		Bayan alveolar		Dorsal		Gishiri
Hanci		m		n				ŋ
Plosive	p		t				k		ʔ
Fricative			s	z	ʃ				h
Kusanci		w		l		ɭ		j
Trill				r

Bayanan rubutu:

/ī/ wani nau'i ne na gefe, yayin da /ʃ/ wani nauʼi ne na palato-alveolar.^[2]

Sautin sautin

**Monophthongs**
	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
Kusa	i
Tsakanin Tsakiya			o
Tsakanin		ə
Bude-tsakiya	œ
Bude	æ	ä

Rubutun kalmomi

a - [ä]
ae - [æ]
b - [β]
e - [ə]
ng - [ŋ]
oe - [œ]
s - [s/θ]
S - [ʃ]
y - [j]
z - [z/ð]
' - [ʔ]
aa/aː - [aː]
ee/eː - [əː]
ii/iː - [iː] ^[3]

Harshen harshe

Rubuce-rubuce

Kodayake kuma yana ba da izini ga gine-ginen farko, Saisiyat yare ne mai karfi (watau, SVO), kuma yana canzawa zuwa harshe mai zargi, yayin da har yanzu yana da siffofi da yawa na raba ergativity (Hsieh & Huang 2006:91). Pazeh da Thao, kuma Harsunan Formosan na Arewa, su ne kawai sauran harsunan formosan da ke ba da izinin gine-ginen SVO.

Tsarin alamun shari'ar Saisiyat ya bambanta tsakanin sunayen sirri da na kowa (Hsieh & Huang 2006:93).

Alamun shari'ar Saisiyat
Nau'in Noun	Nominative	Mai zargi	Halitta	Bayani	Kasancewa da mallaka	Gidauniyar
Na Mutum	Ya kasance a ciki	hi	ko	'an-a	'ini'	kan, kala
Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su	Ka, ka	ka	Noka	'wani noka-a	a'a	ray

Wakilan sunaye

Saisiyat yana da tsarin wakilin (Hsieh & Huang 2006:93).

Wakilan Saisiyat
Nau'in Wakilin	Nominative	Mai zargi	Halitta	Bayani	Kasancewa da mallaka	Gidauniyar
1s.	Yaako/yao	yakin / 'iyakin	Shekara ta	'iniman	'amana'a	Ɗauki
2s.	So'o	'Iso'on	niSo	'Babu haka ne	'anso'o'a	kanSo
3s.	Yana da	Rashin amfani	Nisha	'inisia'	'Ansiya'	kansia
1 shafi na 1 (ciki har da)	'ita	'Maƙiya	mita'	'Maƙiya'	'Anmita'a	Kan'ita
1 shafi na 1 (Ba tare da)	Yaji	'iniya'om	niya'om	'iniya'om	'anya'oma	kanyami
2 shafi na biyu.	Ya rayu	'Maƙiya	Nimon	'Maƙiya	'anmoyoa	kanmoyo
3 shafi na 3	lasia	Hilasia	Nasia	'marasa amfani	'anlasiaa'	kanlasia

Kalmomin

Wadannan sune prefixes na magana a cikin Saisiyat (Hsieh & Huang 2006:93).

Tsarin Maida hankali na Saisiyat
Irin Maida hankali	Na	Na biyu
Mai ba da hankali (AF)	m-, -om-, ma-, Ø	Ø
Mai haƙuri Mai haƙuri (PF)	-en	-i
Locative Focus (LF)	-shekara	-
Mahimmanci (RF)	idan, sik-	-ani

Za'a iya kiran kalmomin Saisiyat ta hanyoyi masu zuwa.

Nominalisation a Saisiyat
	Bayyanawa na kalmomi	Bayyanawa ta hanyar magana	Lokaci / Yanayi
Wakilin	ka-ma-V	ka-pa-V	Al'ada, Makomar
Mai haƙuri	ka-V-en, V-in-	ka-V-en, V-in-	Makomar (don ka-V-en), Cikakken (don V-in-)
Wurin da yake	ka-V-an	ka-V-an	Makomar nan gaba
Kayan aiki	'Ka'-V, Ca-V (sake maimaitawa)	'Ka'-V, Ca-V (sake maimaitawa)	Makomar nan gaba

Lexicon

Saisiyat yana da tasiri daga Jafananci saboda mamayar Jafananci a Taiwan da Mandarin saboda gwamnatocin Taiwan da suka karfafa yaren. Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi tasiri daga Hakka kodayake wannan ya bambanta sosai tsakanin wasu yaruka masu zaman kansu ba tare da kusan tasirin Hakka ba da kuma yarukan da ba su da yawa tare da tasirin Hakka mai nauyi.^[4]

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Saisiyat". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Jiang, Wenyu; I, Chang-Liao; Chiang, Fang-Mei (2006). "The Prosodic Realization of Negation in Saisiyat and English" (PDF). Oceanic Linguistics (in Turanci). 45 (1): 110–132. doi:10.1353/ol.2006.0007. JSTOR 4499949. S2CID 144937416.
↑ "Saisiyat (SaySiyat)". Omniglot (in Turanci).
↑ Zeitoun, Elizabeth. "Language Contact in Saisiyat" (PDF).

Haɗin waje

Yuánzhùmínzú yǔyán xiànshàng cídiǎn 原住民族語言線上詞典 (a cikin Sinanci) - Shafin bincike na Saisiyat a shafin yanar gizon "Aboriginal language online dictionary" na Gidauniyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Harsuna
Saisiyat koyarwa da kayan jingina da Majalisar 'yan asalin Taiwan ta buga (a cikin Sinanci)
Fassarar Saisiyat na neman gafara na Shugaba Tsai Ing-wen na 2016 ga 'yan asalin ƙasar - wanda aka buga a shafin yanar gizon ofishin shugaban kasa

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Saisiyat". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] Jiang, Wenyu; I, Chang-Liao; Chiang, Fang-Mei (2006). "The Prosodic Realization of Negation in Saisiyat and English" (PDF). Oceanic Linguistics (in Turanci). 45 (1): 110–132. doi:10.1353/ol.2006.0007. JSTOR 4499949. S2CID 144937416.

[3] "Saisiyat (SaySiyat)". Omniglot (in Turanci).

[4] Zeitoun, Elizabeth. "Language Contact in Saisiyat" (PDF).

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