Harshen Secoya

 

Harshen Secoya
Paikoka
'Yan asalin magana	1,200
Dangin harshen	abu abstract entity (en) languoid (en) language (en) human language (en) indigenous language (en) Indigenous languages of the Americas (en) indigenous languages of South America (en) Tucanoan (en) Western Tucanoan (en) Siona-Secoya (en) Harshen Secoya
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	sey
Glottolog	seco1241

Secoya (kuma Sieko Coca, Paicoca, Airo Pãi) yare ne na Yammacin Tucanoan wanda Mutanen Secoya na Ecuador da Peru ke magana.

Daga cikin Secoya akwai mutane da yawa da ake kira Angoteros. Kodayake yarensu ya ƙunshi wasu bambance-bambance na yaren Secoya, babu wasu matsalolin sadarwa. Siona na Kogin Eno, wanda ya bambanta da Siona na Putumayo, ya ce akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin yarensu da Secoya, amma har yanzu ana ɗaukar su a matsayin wani ɓangare na su. A cikin wallafe-wallafen ethnographic, Secoya suna tafiya da wasu sunaye daban-daban: Encabellado, Pioje (ma'anar "a'a" a Secoya), Santa Maria, da Angutera.

Fasahar sauti

Tsayar da Murya

Tsayar da murya /p, t, k, kw/ iri ɗaya ne da Mutanen Espanya, duk da haka burin ya fi bayyana a cikin Secoya. Ana furta sautin /t/ tare da ƙarshen harshe yana hulɗa da hakora na sama. Ana kiran /kw/ mai laushi kamar /k/, amma tare da zagaye na leɓuna. Tsayar da /ʔ/ kusan ya ɓace lokacin da damuwa mai ƙarfi a kan syllable na baya bai faru ba.

Dakatarwar Murya

A cikin mahallin intervocalic, ana yin sautin murya /d/ ta hanyar bambancin sauƙi [r], daidai da Mutanen Espanya /r/. Ana yin magana ta hanci tare da ma'anar hanci [n].

Muradin

Alamomin da ba su da murya /sh/ da /h/ dukansu suna bayyana a cikin matsayi na alveolar, yana mai da su da wuya a rarrabe su. Ana furta /s/ dan kadan kuma yana ƙayyade tsawo mai laushi kafin wasula mara matsin lamba. Sautin /zh/ yana da wasu damuwa na laryngeal kuma yana nuna laryngealization a kan wasula da ke kusa.

Hanci

Ana kiran ma'anar hanci /m/ kamar yadda yake a cikin Mutanen Espanya. Sauti n, wanda yake sauti a wasu yarukan Yammacin Tucanoan, yana ƙunshe a cikin Secoya a matsayin bambancin muryar murya / d/.

Gilashin

Gilashin /w/ da /y/ kusan daidai ne da wasula /u/ da /i/ bi da bi, amma sun fi dacewa. /w/ yayi kama da hu a cikin Mutanen Espanya "huevo". Lokacin da ya faru a kusa da wasula ta hanci, [w] ya zama nasalized. Ana kiran /y/ kusan kamar haka a cikin Mutanen Espanya, amma Secoya yana bayyana shi tare da ɗan rikici. Lokacin da ya faru tare da wasula ta hanci, sakamakon ya zama nasalized kuma yana sauti kamar Mutanen Espanya ñ.

Consonants & Vowels

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

		Labari	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labari-Velar	Gishiri
Plosive	Voiceless	p	t		k	kʷ	ʔ
	Voiced		d
Fricative	Voiceless		sʰ				h
	Voiced		zʰ
Hanci		m
Glide				Ya zama haka⟨y⟩		w

Sautin sautin

Ana yin wasula na baya tare da leɓuna masu zagaye kuma sauran ana yin su da leɓunan da ba a zagaye ba. Nasalization kuma ya bambanta tsakanin dukkan wasula.

	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
Babba	i	ɨ	u
Ƙananan	e	a	o

Yanayin Yanayi

Sunaye

Ana rarrabe sunan a cikin Secoya, a mafi yawan siffofi, ta hanyar babban rukuni da takamaiman ɗayan. Hanyar asali na suna, ba tare da ƙayyadaddun ba, yana nuna rukunin gaba ɗaya (maza, yara, jiragen ruwa, duwatsu, ƙwai, da dai sauransu) ba tare da bayyana ƙayyadadden adadin abubuwa ba. Don nuna mutum ɗaya ko jam'i, wato, an kara wasu takamaiman abubuwa, masu rarraba suffix (a cikin yanayin sunayen marasa rai) ko ƙididdigar jinsi (a cikin batun sunayen masu rai). Don nuna takamaiman adadin abubuwa marasa rai, an kara ma'anar jam'i zuwa sunan. Lokacin da kalmar ke nufin wasu takamaiman abubuwa, muna amfani da takamaiman labarin a cikin fassarar Mutanen Espanya. Koyaya, ana iya fassara shi tare da labarin da ba a ƙayyade ba.

Sashe (Janar)		Rukunin (Matsayi)		Rukunin (Matsayi)
pa̱i		pa̱i-o		pa̱i-o hua'i
"mutum"		"mutum, mace" (f)		"mutane" (f)
Tse̱'a		Tse̱'a-quë		tse̱'a-co hua'i
"masu mallakar"		"mai shi" (m)		"masu mallakar" (m)
Ni		Yo-huë		yo-huë-a
"Canoe"		"Canoe" (f)		"Canoes" (f)
menene		Me Me Ya Sa Ni		Me-me-a̱
"Waya"		"Waya" (m)		"Wayani" (m)
Ruwa		Huwa-pa		Huwa-pa-a̱
"mai"		"Cornfield" (m)		"Yankin masara" (m)
Yankin da ake kira Hanyar		Yankin da ake kira "Yankin da ake ciki"		Hagu-o hua'i
"tapir"		"tapir, mace" (f)		"tapires" (f)

Sunayen da ke raye-raye

Dabbobi

Sunayen da ke nuna dabbobi sun bayyana a cikin ainihin siffarsu ba tare da ƙayyadaddun ba don nuna nau'in gama gari. Don nuna mutum ɗaya, an ƙara -e ko -o. Don samar da sunan jam'i, an kara mai ƙayyadewa hua'i ga kowane nau'i biyu.

Mai ban mamaki da Ruhaniya

Sunayen da ke nuna halittu masu ban mamaki da jikin sama sun bayyana a cikin ainihin siffarsu don nuna duka nau'ikan a matsayin mutum ɗaya. Don samar da jam'i, ƙara -o da hua'i. Dukkanin wadannan halittu sun bayyana a matsayin haruffa a cikin tatsuniyoyin Secoya.

Mutum/Lamba/Jima'i

Mutumin

Sunayen da ke nuna mutane yawanci suna jagorantar ƙididdigar jinsi tare da namiji ko mace ɗaya. Don samar da sunan jam'i, an kara mai bayyanawa hua'i. Sunayen da ainihin nau'in su shine aikatau ko adjective jinsi suna ɗauke da -ë don namiji ɗaya ko -o don mace ɗaya. Bayan wasula /o/, ƙarshen namiji ya zama -u kuma bayan wasula /e/ da /i/, ya zama -i. (Idan duka wasula biyu sun kasance iri ɗaya, ana rage wasula zuwa ɗaya)

Adadin

Lambar ta bayyana sunan shugaban a cikin hanyar da adjective ke yi. Tsarin su a cikin kalma mai suna yana gaban adjective, lokacin da duka biyun suka bayyana.

Lamba Mai Girma

kai	daya (m)
te'o	daya (f)
kai	daya (wanda ba shi da rai)
kaya	biyu
toaso	uku
cajese'e	huɗu
ka yi amfani da ita	biyar
idan jë̱-ña	goma (Kara: a hannaye biyu)