Harshen Sonsorolese

Harshen Sonsorolese
	ramari Dongosaro
'Yan asalin magana	600
Dangin harshen	Austronesian (en) ; Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Harsunan Malay-Polynesian na Tsakiya da Gabas; Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Oceanic (en) ; Central–Eastern Oceanic (en) ; Micronesian (en) ; Chuukic–Pohnpeic (en) ; Chuukic (en) ; Sonsorol-Tobi (en) ; Harshen Sonsorolese; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	sov
Glottolog	sons1242

Sonsorol yare ne na Micronesian da ake magana da shie a Palau, asalinsa a tsibirai da ke cikin jihar Sonsorol, kuma yana yadawa ta hanyar ƙaura a wasu wurare a cikin ƙasar. Yana kusa da Tobian.

Gabatarwa

Tarihi

Ana yawan magana da Sonsorolese a cikin tsibirin Palau, musamman a Sonsorol, Pulo Ana, da tsibirin Merir.^[2] Yana daya daga cikin harsuna biyu da ake magana a yankin.

Yawan jama'a

Akwai kimanin masu magana 360 da suka bazu a fadin tsibirai 60. Yawancin masu magana da Sonsorol suna da harsuna biyu, tare da yarensu na biyu shine Turanci.^[3] Harshen yare ne na hukuma ga yankunan da ake magana da shi. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi don sadarwa ta cikin gida ta jihar, kamar sanarwar da gayyata.^[4] Wasu harsuna masu alaƙa da Sonsorol sune Ulithian, Woleaian, da Satawalese. Harshen yana daga cikin dangin yaren Austronesian. Yawancin jama'a sun yi ƙaura daga tsibirin jihar Sonsorol zuwa babban garin Palau, ƙauyen Koror da Echang.^[4] Dalilan sun bambanta, gami da tattalin arziki da muhalli. Matasa masu magana da Sonsorolese suna amfani da cakuda Palauan, Turanci da Sonsoroese, abin da ake kira Echangese kuma ya bambanta da abin da dattijo ke magana.^[4] A halin yanzu akwai kasa da masu magana 20 sama da shekaru 60.^[4]

Yankin da aka rarraba

Tsibirin Mariana na Arewa: ba a sani ba (harshe na baƙi)
Palau: masu magana 600
- Sonsorol: masu magana 60+
  - Merir: masu magana 5+
  - Pulo Anna: masu magana 25+
  - Sonsorol: masu magana 29+
- Sauran kasar: masu magana 540

Harsuna

Fasahar sauti

A cikin Sonsorolese, akwai ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta 19. Wadannan consonants sune: /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /c/, /k/, /ɡ/, /m/, /n/, /f/, /v/, /j/, /x/, /ɣ/, /r/, /w/, /s/, /ŋ/, da /??j/.^[5]

**Shafin IPA Sunayen Sonsorolese**
	Labari		Alveolar hakora		Palatal		Velar
Hanci		m		n				ŋ
Plosive	p	b	t	d	c		k	ɡ
Fricative	f	v	s			j	x	ɣ
Ci gaba		w		r				ʟʲ

Sautin sautin

Sonsorolese yana da wasula biyar: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, da /u/. Har ila yau akwai diphthongs, gami da /ae/, /ai/, /ao/, da /au/. Misali na diphthong /ae/ shine mae, wanda ke nufin "ya'yan burodi".^[5]

Sautin da ba su da murya

Sautin da ba su da murya suna faruwa a cikin mahallin uku: "a matsayin ƙarshe, bayan ma'anar, bayan cikakken, gabaɗaya dogon wasali, kuma a gaban ma'anar ma'anar da ke fadowa, lokacin da suke da kama da ma'anar diphthongs, bayan maɓallan da ba na ƙarshe ba /i / ko / u / yana samar da palatalization ko velarisation (bisa ga ma'anar). " ^[5]

Orthography da furtawa

Sonsorolese da farko yare ne da ake magana. Yawancin sautunan suna kama da na Tobian da Woleaian. Wasu l="cx-link" d-linkid="266" hr="./Dialect" id="mw1w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dialect">yaruka sun haɗa da furcin d, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a farkon kalmomi kuma yayi kama da [ð]; ana furta r kamar yadda yake a cikin Mutanen Espanya; Hakanan, ana furta l koyaushe tare da harshe da ke taɓa rufin baya na baki kuma yana sauti kamar haɗuwa da sautunan [ɡ] da [l]. Saboda haka, wasu Sonsorolese sun fi son rubuta su a matsayin Ōn. Kamar yadda yake a cikin Woleaian, ana samun wasula marasa murya a ƙarshen kalmomin Sonsorolese. Misali, a cikin Dongosaro, sunan asalin tsibirin Sonsorol, -o na ƙarshe ba shi da murya.^[4]

Takardun da aka rubuta a cikin Sonsorolese sun haɗa da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jihar Sonsorol da wasu sassa na Littafi Mai-Tsarki.^[4] Koyaya, da alama akwai rikice-rikice game da Littafi Mai-Tsarki tunda babu bambanci tsakanin Tobian da Sonsorolese.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

a – [a]
ae – [ae]
ai – [ai]
ao – [ao]
au – [au]
b – [b]
c – [c]
d – [d/ð]
e – [e]
f – [f]
g – [g/ɣ]
h – [x]
i – [i]
k – [k]
l – [ʟʲ]
m – [m]
n – [n]
ng – [ŋ]
o – [o]
p – [p]
r – [r]
s – [s]
t – [t]
u – [u]
v – [v]
w – [w]
y – [j]^[6]Samfuri:Better source needed

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Sonsorolese". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ "Sonsorol". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
↑ "Language". sonsorol.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 "Language". sonsorol.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 24 January 2020. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sonsorol.com language" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Capell 1969.
↑ "Sonsorolese (Ramari Dongosaro)". Omniglot. Retrieved 25 April 2022.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Sonsorolese". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] "Sonsorol". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2019.

[sonsorol.com_index_eng-3] "Language". sonsorol.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2022.

[sonsorol.com_language-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 "Language". sonsorol.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 24 January 2020. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sonsorol.com language" defined multiple times with different content

[FOOTNOTECapell1969-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Capell 1969.

[6] "Sonsorolese (Ramari Dongosaro)". Omniglot. Retrieved 25 April 2022.

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