Harshen Sorabe
| Harshen Sorabe | |
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| Harshen Sorabe | |
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ko Tsoro-be (سُرَبِ, furcin Malagasy: [suˈrabe]) abjad ne wanda ya dogara da Larabci, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don fassara Harshen Malagasy (na dangin harshen Malayo-Polynesian) da kuma yaren Antemoro Malagasy, wanda ya fara daga karni na 15. mgmgmg
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masu bincike har yanzu suna yin la'akari game da asalin haruffa na Sorabe. "Sorabe" a zahiri yana nufin "babban rubuce-rubuce" daga Larabci "sura" (rubuce-rufe) da Malagasy "zama" (babban). Wannan ƙungiya na iya nuna kasancewar tsarin rubuce-rubuce na baya tare da ƙananan haruffa na asalin Sanskrit da aka yi amfani da su a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya kamar yadda aka tabbatar a wasu kalmomin Malagasy.
A al'ada, masu bincike sun yi hasashen cewa an gabatar da wannan tsarin rubutu ta hanyar hulɗar kasuwanci na Malagasy tare da Musulmai Larabawa. Koyaya, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya yi iƙirarin cewa Musulmai na Javanese ne suka gabatar da wannan tsarin rubutu. Akwai kamanceceniya mai ban mamaki tsakanin "Sorabe" da "Pegon script", wanda shine bambancin Javanese na rubutun Larabci.
Tsofaffin litattafai ɗari biyu da aka rubuta a cikin haruffan Sorabe sun wanzu har wa yau, kodayake mafi tsufan rubutun hannu ba a riga an rubuta shi ba kafin ƙarni na 17. Waɗancan "Sorabe" an ɗaure su da fata kuma an sanya wa rubutun sunayen launin fata. Yawancin rubutun sun ƙunshi dabarun sihiri, amma akwai kuma wasu rubutun tarihi game da asalin wasu kabilun kudu maso gabashin tsibirin Madagascar . Wadannan asali sun samo asali ne daga Makka ko kuma Annabi Muhammad ko da yake ba a ga aikin Musulunci a cikin nassosi ba.
Harshen haruffa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Pegon yana amfani da haruffa na asali na Rubutun Larabci. Ba kamar harsuna da yawa da suka karɓi rubutun Larabci ba, ba a ƙirƙiri sabbin haruffa a cikin rubutun Sorabe don yin shi ya dace da ilimin sauti na Malagasy. Koyaya, don a zahiri ya dace da ilimin sauti na Malagasy, an yi amfani da wasu hanyoyi guda biyu a cikin rubuce-rubuce.
Da farko, an yi amfani da shadda diacritic, wanda aikinsa na asali a cikin Larabci shine gemination, a matsayin hanyar bayyana kusanci na ma'anar pre-nasal, [ndr] da [tr] ana bayyana su azaman sauti mai sauti [r] (رّ), [mp] ana bayyana shi da sauti mai sauti (f] (ّ ː ː ]][f]
Wata ita ce amfani da haruffa Larabci a hanyoyi daban-daban daga sau Larabci. Misali, yayin da harafin Larabci Ṭāʾ an daidaita shi da maɓallin da ke ƙasa don wakiltar [t], harafin tāʼ (ت), yawanci yana da sauti [t], ana amfani da shi don sautunan [ts].[1] Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da harafin ʿayn (), yawanci yana da sautin ƙashi ko sautin ƙwayoyin cuta [ʔ / ː] dangane da harshe, don wakiltar sautin hanci na murya [ŋ] (ng). Ya cancanci a ambaci cewa a cikin rubutun Pegon da Jawi na Duniyar Malay, ana wakiltar wannan sauti tare da wasikar ʿayn, an gyara shi da dots 3 (ڠ)
Kamar rubutun Pegon (a tarihi, ba a cikin tarurruka na zamani ba) daga Indonesia da Rubutun Ajami daga Afirka, kawai ana wakiltar su da haruffa, amma duk wasula an rubuta su, a cikin nau'ikan diacritics na Larabci. Ba tare da alamomi ba, karatun daidai ba zai yiwu ba. Misali, kalmar او na iya nufin tuber (اُوِ , ƙwai) ko "wasu waɗanda suka zo" (اَوِ , avy).
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Adelaar, Alexander (2018). "Seventeenth century texts as a key to Malagasy linguistic and ethnic history". 14th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: 17–20.