Harshen Suyá

Harshen Suyá
'Yan asalin magana	350 (2006)
Dangin harshen	abu; abstract entity (en) ; languoid (en) ; language (en) ; human language (en) ; indigenous language (en) ; Indigenous languages of the Americas (en) ; indigenous languages of South America (en) ; Macro-Jê (en) ; Jê (en) ; Harshen Suyá; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	suy
Glottolog	suya1243

Ka duba wannan shafin domin sanin yanda zaka gyara wannan mukalar Koyon rubuta mukala

Akwai yuwar admin ya goge wannan shafin matukar ba'a inganta ta ba.

KĩsêdJê (Suyá, Kĩsêjê: Khersêtjê kapẽ нена [khĩˈsedʒe kaˈpẽẽẽẽ]) yare ne na Arewacin Jê (Jê, Macro-Jê) da ake magana a Mato Grosso, ta kasar Brazil . Yana da alaƙa da Tapayúna; tare, sun kafa reshen Tapajós na Arewacin Jê . ^:7

Kĩsêdjê yana da alaƙa da Tapayúna; ^[2]: 10-2 abin da ya gabata a kan Kogin Tapajós, wanda Kĩsê djê da Tapayuna suka raba, har yanzu yana cikin tarihin baki. : 9 Bambance-bambance na sauti tsakanin harsuna sun haɗa da abubuwan da ke tattare da Proto-Northern Jê *m/*mb, *mr/*mbr, *c (a farkon), *ñ (a cikin codas), da *b (a cikin kalmomin da aka jaddada). A cikiw">n Kĩw">s, ana nuna waɗannan ƙamus a mat m / mb, mr / mbr, s, n, da p, bi da bi, yayin da Tapayúna yana da w ([w̃]), nr ([ɾ̃]), t ([t̪]), j ([j]), da w ([w]) a cikin waɗannan kalmomi.^[3]^:85^[4]^:10–2

Fasahar sauti

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Kĩs ya adana ƙwayoyin Proto-Tapajós kusan ba su da lalacewa, ban da canjin sauti *t̪h > s.^[5] : 560 ^:560

Haske

Tebur mai zuwa ya lissafa wasu daga cikin yiwuwar farawa na Kĩsêdjê; :^:126 ban da haka, mafi yawansu na iya haɗuwa da /w/ ko /ɲ/ (a cikin kalmomin da Proto-Northern Jê etyma suka ƙunshi ɗaya daga cikin *wa, *wə̂, ko *jê, waɗanda aka bincika a matsayin ƙwayoyin rikitarwa). Hanyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin hanci suna samun matakin baki kafin ƙwayoyin baki.^[6]^:127–8

Farawar Kĩsêdjê
		Labari	Labari +rhotic	Dental / (Post) alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Velar +rhotic	Gishiri	Glottal +rhotic
Dakatar da	fili	p /p/ [p]		t /t/ [t̪]	tj /tʃ/ [tʃ]	k /k/ [k]
	da ake nema			th /th/ [t̠h]		kh /kh/	khr / Khī/ [khɹ]
	da aka haifa kafin a yi aure			nt /nt/ [nt̪]
	hanci	m/mb /m/ [m]/[mb]	Mr/mbr / m/	n/nd /n/ [n]/[nd]	nh/j /ɲ/ [ɲ]/[nj] ~ [j]	ng /ŋ/ [ŋ]/[ŋg]	Ngg /ŋɹ̃/[ŋgɹ]
Fricative				s /s/s][s]				h (w) /h (w) / [h (w)) ]	H.
Mai sautin		w /w/ [w]		r /ī]

Sautin sautin

An nuna lissafin wasula na Kĩsêdjê a ƙasa (an ba da wakilcin orthographic a cikin italics; haruffa a cikin slashes suna tsaye ne ga dabi'un IPA na kowane wasali). :^:125 Nonato (2014) ya ba da rahoton cewa babu bambancin allophonic.^[6]:^:127 Ta hanyar yarjejeniya, tilde, wanda yake wani ɓangare na zane-zane wanda ke nuna wasula na hanci, an bar shi a cikin orthography da ke biyowa <m>, <n>, da <nh> (amma ba <ng> ba), kamar yadda yake a cikin <mo> [mɔ̃] 'don tafiya (jama'a) ". </mo></ng></nh></n></m>Bugu da ƙari, ba a rarrabe wasula /ī/ da /ã/ a cikin rubutun (dukansu an rubuta su a matsayin <ã>). ^[6]^:130–1

	Magana			Hanci
	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
Kusa	i /i/	da /ɨ/	u /u/	ĩ /ĩ/	ỹ /ɨ̃/	ũ /ũ/
Tsakanin Tsakiya	ê /e/	A / A/	Ya / ya/	ẽ /ẽ/	An yi amfani da ita a matsayin	õ /õ/
Bude-tsakiya	da /ɛ/	A /ɜ/	o /ɔ/
Bude		a /a/			ã /ã/

Sautin murya

Kĩsêdjê yana da wani abu mai ban mamaki inda ake saka wasula a cikin kalmomin ƙarshe waɗanda ainihin siffarsu ta ƙare a cikin ma'ana; : 128-30 ta wannan hanyar, duk maganganun sun ƙare a cikin wasula a saman a cikin Kĩsêdjê . Vowel epenthesis sau da yawa yana haifar da coda na asali zuwa lenite. Sakamakon sauye-sauye ana wakiltar su ta hanyar orthographically, kamar yadda dawe a cikin thep [ˈt̠hɛp] / thewe [ˈtę] 'kifi", wit [ˈwitō] / wiri [ˈwiɾi] 'kawai", nggrôt [ˈŋgɹot] / Nggôrô [ˈŋgɪoɾo] 'Pleiades', khẽn [ˈkhɛ̃nzar] 'dutse', 'Hwisysômy' [hwɨsomɨˈsô]^[7] A cikin kalmomin da suka ƙare a cikin wani nau'i na rhotic, ana saka wasula na echo ba tare da la'akari da ko kalmar tana cikin matsayi na ƙarshe ba, kamar yadda a cikin ngõrõ [ˈ Мәсих] 'don barci' (nau'o'in kamar *[ˈ Мәсих] ba a tabbatar da su ba). ^[6] : 128–30 ^:128–30

Yanayin Yanayi

Ƙarshen

Kamar yadda yake a duk sauran harsunan Arewacin Jê, aikatau suna canzawa don <i id="mwAUM">Ƙayyadadden</i> kuma saboda haka suna da adawa ta asali tsakanin nau'in ƙayyadaddun (kuma nau'in B da babban nau'in ) da kuma nau'in da ba a ƙayyadada ba (kuma nau-nau'in A ^[4] da kuma nau-nauyin ^[6]). Ana amfani da siffofi masu ƙayyadaddun a cikin sassan matrix kawai, yayin da ake amfani da siffofin da ba a ƙayyadadden su ba a duk nau'ikan sassan da ke ƙasa :^:140 da kuma wasu sassan matrikhi. ^[6]^[8] Ana samar da siffofin da ba su da iyaka ta hanyar ƙaddamarwa da / ko maye gurbin prefix. Wasu kalmomi (ciki har da duk kwatanci ban da katho 'don barin', wanda ba a iyakance shi ba shine kathoro) ba su da bambancin iyaka.

Abubuwan da ba su da iyaka sune /-́/ (/Sai/ yawan zaɓi, wanda aka samo a cikin kalmomi masu yawa, tare da allomorph /-j/ bayan wasali /a/), /-n/ (wanda aka samo a wasu kalmomi masu wucewa), da kuma /-k/, /-m/, da /-t/ (wanda ake samu a cikin ƙananan kalmomi marasa iyaka waɗanda ke ɗaukar batun suna lokacin da ya ƙare), kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa.

Ƙaddamarwa a cikin Kĩsêdjê
Ƙayyadadden	ba ta da iyaka	gloss
ƙayyadaddun /-[[/]] (/-j/ bayan /a/)
mo	ya mutuSanya	zuwa (da yawa)
Ayyuka	BayyanawaYanayi	don kashewa (singular) (daidai)
mafarki	mafarki	don ƙetare
jantô	A lokacin da aka haifaMatsayi	ratayewa (da yawa)
py	Pyry	don ɗaukar (singular) (daidai)
twâ	twârâRashin tausayi	don wanka
ngre	ngere	don rawa
mba	mbaj	don sanin, don ji, don fahimta
Muha	hwaj	don kashewa (jama'a) (da yawa)
kapa	kapaj	don cirewa (singular) (daidai)
ka	kaj	zuwa grill (singular) (daidai)
ƙayyadaddun /-n/
ru	gudun	zubar da ruwa
mbâ	mbân	don kamawa (singular) (daidai)
kakhe	kakhên	zuwa gogewa
A ciki	ta'un	don aiki
jandê	jandênn	don matsawa, don matsawa
jarẽ	jar din	ya ce
ƙayyadaddun /-k/
naka	thyk	don mutuwa
Ruwa	Ruwak	sauka
ya ɓace	Harkak	don farfadowa
ƙayyadaddun /-m/
haka ne	za a iyam	zuwa (singular) (daidai)
IHO	Khõm	don sha
ta	Za a haife shim	tsayawa (singular) (daidai)
ƙayyadaddun /-t/
angjê	Har ila yau, yarent	don shiga (jama'a) (da yawa)

In Proto-Northern Jê, several verbs derived their finite forms by means of leniting the stem-final consonant (*-t, *-c, *-k → *-r, *-j, *-r).^[5]^:544 In Kĩsêdjê, at least three verbs retain this pattern, though the relation between the finite and nonfinite forms has been obfuscated by a series of regular sound changes, including *-ôj > -wâj (-âj after a labial), *-c > -t.

Ƙaddamarwa a cikin Kĩsêdjê
Ƙayyadadden	ba ta da iyaka	gloss	Proto-Northern Jê finite	Proto-Northern Jê ba a gama ba
ngõrõ	Nhon	don barci	*ŋõr	*ñõt
pâj / pâji	karami	zuwa	*bôj	*bôc
ro hwâj / ro hwâji	Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita	don cirewa (da yawa)	*ba'a	*ma'aikata

Tsohon prefix na palatalizing

A cikin Proto-Northern Jê, ƙananan kalmomi sun kafa siffofin su marasa iyaka ta hanyar amfani da ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka ambata a sama da kuma tsarin morphophonological inda farkon syllable mai jaddada ya zama palatal, kuma an tashe maɓallin syllable da aka jaddada (idan zai yiwu); an danganta wannan ga tasirin prefix mai jaddar palatalizing ba tare da iyaka ba. A cikin Kĩsêdjê, wasu daga cikin waɗannan aikatau har yanzu suna bin tsarin archaic, kodayake dangantakar da ke tsakanin siffofin ƙayyadaddun da ba ƙayyadadden ba ta ɓace ta hanyar jerin canje-canje na yau da kullun.^[5]

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Suyá". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Rodrigues, Cíntia Karla Coelho (2011). "Comparando as consoantes das línguas Tapajúna e Suyá". Alfa: Revista de Linguística. 55 (2): 601–11. doi:10.1590/S1981-57942011000200011.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Nikulin-Macro-Je
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Santos-thesis
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Nikulin, Andrey; Salanova, Andrés Pablo (October 2019). "Northern Jê Verb Morphology and the Reconstruction of Finiteness Alternations". International Journal of American Linguistics. 85 (4): 533–567. doi:10.1086/704565. S2CID 204369114. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Nikulin-Salanova-2019" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Nonato-thesis
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Beauchamp-2019
↑ Gildea, Spike; Castro Alves, Flávia de (2010). "Nominative-absolutive: Counter-universal split ergativity in Jê and Cariban" (PDF). Typological Studies in Language. 89: 159–200. doi:10.1075/tsl.89.07gil. Retrieved 8 August 2020.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Suyá". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] Rodrigues, Cíntia Karla Coelho (2011). "Comparando as consoantes das línguas Tapajúna e Suyá". Alfa: Revista de Linguística. 55 (2): 601–11. doi:10.1590/S1981-57942011000200011.

[Nikulin-Macro-Je-3] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Nikulin-Macro-Je

[Santos-thesis-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Santos-thesis

[Nikulin-Salanova-2019-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Nikulin, Andrey; Salanova, Andrés Pablo (October 2019). "Northern Jê Verb Morphology and the Reconstruction of Finiteness Alternations". International Journal of American Linguistics. 85 (4): 533–567. doi:10.1086/704565. S2CID 204369114. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Nikulin-Salanova-2019" defined multiple times with different content

[Nonato-thesis-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Nonato-thesis

[Beauchamp-2019-7] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Beauchamp-2019

[G-CA-2010-8] Gildea, Spike; Castro Alves, Flávia de (2010). "Nominative-absolutive: Counter-universal split ergativity in Jê and Cariban" (PDF). Typological Studies in Language. 89: 159–200. doi:10.1075/tsl.89.07gil. Retrieved 8 August 2020.

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