Harshen Tamahaq
{{Databox Tamahaq, wanda aka fi sani da Tahaggart Tamahaq ko Tamahaq Tahaggart, shine kawai sanannen yaren Tuareg na Arewa, wanda ake magana a Aljeriya, yammacin Libya da arewacin Nijar. Ya bambanta kadan daga yarukan Tuareg na Kudancin Dutsen Aïr, Azawagh da Adagh. Bambance-bambance galibi sun kunshi canje-canje na sauti, kamar Tamahaq maimakon Tamajaq ko Tamasheq . Wannan yaren shine "ɗaya daga cikin yarukan 'yar'uwa da mazaunan gundumomi da yawa na tsaunuka na Atlas ke magana daga Misira zuwa gabar yammacin Maroko, kuma duk an haɗa su cikin kalmar Berber. "[1]
Ilimin sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasula
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Gaba | Tsakiya | Baya | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i | u | |
| Bude | a |
Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Labari | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar<br id="mwSA"> | Velar | Rashin ƙarfi | Gishiri | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pharyngealized | |||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | t | tˤ | k | ||||
| voiced | b | d | dˤ | dʒ | g | q | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | χ | h | ||
| voiced | z | zˤ | ʒ | ɣ | ||||
| Hanci | m | n | ||||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||||
| Kusanci | w | l | ʝ | |||||
Rubutun kalmomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An rubuta Tamahaq a cikin Tifinagh, abjad na haruffa 25. Kamar sauran abjads kamar Ibrananci da Larabci, an rubuta shi daga dama zuwa hagu.[1]
Sautin wasali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Tifinagh | IPA daidai |
|---|---|
| Abubuwan da ke tattare da shi | a |
| Likitoci / Lagitoci | Sanya, da |
| Matsa (yaw) | w, u |
Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Tifinagh | IPA daidai da [2] |
|---|---|
| Yarda da aka yi | b |
| Daidaitawa | t |
| Da yawa daga cikin | ʒ |
| Ya'a (yag) | dʒ |
| Ya kasance (yax) | χ |
| XVI (ya yi) | d |
| Bayani (yar) | ɾ |
| Ka yi amfani da shi | z |
| Abubuwan da suka faru (yaṭ) | Ya ce: |
| Janna (yak) | k |
| Sunayen (na gaba) | l |
| An haifi shi | m |
| Yanayin (yan) | n |
| Yaza | Zuwa |
| Yin yin aiki (yaḍ) | Diyya |
| Sai kuma ya ce | ɣ |
| Kasar zura | f |
| Farin ciki (yaq) | q |
| adadi (ya) | s |
| Halitta (yaš) | ʃ |
| Tsayarwa (yah) | h |
| Abubuwan da suka faru | ɡ, ġ |
Harshen harshe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunayen Tamahaq suna cikin nau'o'i biyu, wanda ake kira "maza" da "mata", kowannensu yana iya canzawa don lambobi biyu, guda ɗaya da jam'i.[3]
Gabaɗaya, sunayen namiji guda ɗaya suna farawa da wasali (a, ă, e, i, u, ko o), sunayen namijin jam'i suna farawa da sauti i, kuma sunayen mata guda ɗaya da jam'i sun fara da sauti t.[3]
Akwai 'yan banbanci ga waɗannan dokoki: [3]
- Wasu namiji, jam'i ko mutum ɗaya, suna farawa da ma'ana, misali, ƙwayoyin cuta (ti, 'mahaifi').
- Wasu sunayen namiji guda ɗaya da ke farawa da /u/ suna riƙe da /u / na farko a cikin nau'ikan jam'i, misali (__hau____hau____hau__, '').
- Idan sunan namiji ya fara da gajeren sauti, ana iya wakilta shi a matsayin ă, kuma ana iya adana wannan sauti a cikin jam'i, misali,__hau____hau____hau__ (ălu) da kuma (ălwăn).
- Wasu sunayen maza da yawa suna farawa da sauti a, misali, yanayin (na yau da kullun, 'ya'yan jarirai').
- Wasu sunayen ma, jam'i ko mutum ɗaya, ba sa farawa da /t/, misali, (wălătma, ') da kuma (ma, 'mahaifiyar').
Ana iya samar da sunayen mata sau da yawa daga sunayen maza ta hanyar ƙara /t/ zuwa farkon da ƙarshen.[3]
Iri-iri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai manyan nau'ikan Tamahaq guda uku: [4]
- Tahaggart (Ahaggar), wanda ake magana a kusa da Dutsen Ahaggar a kudancin Aljeriya ta ƙungiyar Kel Ahaggar
- Ajjer, wanda ƙungiyar Kel Ajjer ke magana
- Ghat, ana magana da shi a kusa da Djanet a kudu maso gabashin Aljeriya da Ghat a Libya.
Blench (2006) yayi la'akari da Tahaggart da Ghat a matsayin harsunan Tuareg daban-daban.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Freeman 1862.
- ↑ "Rüdiger Köppe Verlag - African Studies / Africanistics, Cultural and Legal Anthropology, History of Christian Missions, and Sociology | Publication Details". www.koeppe.de. Retrieved 2024-03-10.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Hanoteau 1860.
- ↑ [1][dead link]