Harshen Teréna
| Terêna | |
|---|---|
| Etelena | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Mato Grosso do Sul |
| Ethnicity | Terena people |
Native speakers
|
16,000 (2006)[1] |
Arawakan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | ter
|
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:ter – Terenagqn – Kinikinao & Guanácaj – Chané
|
| Glottolog | tere1279
|
| ELP | Terena |
| Guana (Brazil)[2] | |
Mutanen Brazil 15,000 ne ke magana da Terêna ko Etelena . Harshen yana da ƙamus da rubutu na nahawu. Yawancin mutanen Terena suna da ƙarancin ƙwarewar Portuguese . Ana magana a cikin Mato Grosso do Sul . Kusan kashi 20% masu karatu ne a cikin yarensu, kashi 80% na Fotigal.[ana buƙatar hujja][ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]
Terêna yana kuma da aiki-sative syntax da fi'ili-abu-abu a matsayin tsohowar kalma.
Iri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Terêna yana da iri huɗu: Kinikinao, Terena dace, Guaná, da Chané . Waɗannan nau'ikan wasu lokuta an ɗauke su a matsayin harsuna daban. Carvalho (2016) tun daga lokacin ya nuna duka huɗun su zama harshe ɗaya. [3] Terena kawai ta dace har yanzu ana magana.
Tuntuɓar harshe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Terena ta samo asali ne daga Arewa maso yammacin Chaco . Sakamakon haka, ana Kuma iya samun yawancin kalmomin lamuni na Guaicuruan a Terena.
Hakanan akwai kalmomin lamuni na Tupi-Guarani sannan da yawa a cikin Terena da sauran harsunan Arawakan na kudanci..[4]
Fasahar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Consonants
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | (tʃ) | k | ʔ |
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | h | ||
| prenasal | ⁿz | ⁿʒ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | (ɲ) | |||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
| Lateral | l | (ʎ) | ||||
| Approximant | w ~ v | j | ||||
Wasula
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ĩ iː | (ɨ) | u ũ uː |
| Mid | e ẽ eː | o õ oː | |
| ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː | ||
| Low | a ã aː |
[ɨ] ana jin shi azaman allophone na /i/.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Terena Sign Language
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Terena at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Kinikinao & Guaná at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Chané at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ↑ Endangered Languages Project data for Guana (Brazil).
- ↑ Carvalho, Fernando (2016-03-10). "Terena, Chané, Guaná and Kinikinau are one and the same language:: setting the record straight on southern Arawak linguistic diversity". LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas (in Harshen Potugis). 16 (1): 39–57. doi:10.20396/liames.v16i1.8646165. ISSN 2177-7160.
- ↑ Carvalho, Fernando O. de. Tupi-Guarani Loanwords in Southern Arawak: Taking Contact Etymologies Seriously Error in Webarchive template: Empty url..