Harshen Tigrinya

Harshen Tigrinya
	ትግርኛ
'Yan asalin magana	5,800,000 ; harshen asali: 7,507,780 (2019); second language (en) : 152,000 (2019)
Dangin harshen	Afroasiatic (en) ; Semitic (en) ; South Semitic (en) ; Ethiopian Semitic (en) ; Harshen Tigrinya; ; ; ; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Geʽez script (en)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-1	ti
ISO 639-2	tir
ISO 639-3	tir
Glottolog	tigr1271

Tigrinya ( Təgrəñña), wani lokacin ana rubuta shi Tigrigna, yare ne na Ethio-Semitic wanda aka saba magana da shie a Eritrea da arewacin Habasha ta Yankin Tigray ta mutanen Tigrinya da Tigrayan bi da bi. Har ila yau, mutanen da ke zaune a duniya a cikin waɗannan yankuna suna magana da shi.

Tarihi da wallafe-wallafen

Kodayake ya bambanta sosai da harshen Ge'ez (Classical Ethiopic), misali a cikin samun kalmomin magana, da kuma amfani da tsari na kalma wanda ke sanya babban aikatau na ƙarshe maimakon na farko a cikin jumla, akwai tasirin Geʽez mai ƙarfi a kan wallafe-wallafen Tigrinya, musamman tare da kalmomin da suka shafi rayuwar Kirista, sunayen Littafi Mai-Tsarki, da sauransu. Ge'ez, saboda matsayinta a cikin al'adun Eritrea da Habasha, kuma mai yiwuwa kuma tsarin sa mai sauƙi, ya yi aiki a matsayin matsakaiciyar wallafe-wallafen har zuwa kwanan nan. ^{[page needed]}

Misali na farko da aka rubuta na Tigrinya rubutu ne na dokokin gida da aka samo a gundumar Logosarda, Yankin Debub a Kudancin Eritrea, wanda ya kasance daga karni na 13.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

A Eritrea, a lokacin Gwamnatin Burtaniya, Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta fitar da jaridar mako-mako a Tigrinya wanda ke da farashi 5 cents kuma ta sayar da kwafin 5,000 a kowane mako. A lokacin, an ruwaito shi ne na farko na irin sa.

Tigrinya (tare da Larabci) yana ɗaya daga cikin harsunan hukuma na Eritrea a lokacin gajeren tarayyarta tare da Habasha. A shekara ta 1958, an maye gurbinsa da harshen Kudancin Habasha Amharic kafin mamayewar Eritrea. Bayan samun 'yancin Eritrea a shekarar 1991, Tigrinya ta ci gaba da kasancewa harshe mai aiki a kasar. Eritrea ita ce kadai jiha a duniya da ta amince da Tigrinya a hukumance har zuwa 2020, lokacin da Habasha ta yi canje-canje don amincewa da Tigrinia a matakin kasa.

Masu magana

Babu wani suna ga mutanen da ke magana da Tigrinya. A Eritrea, an san masu magana da Tigrinya a hukumance da gàher-Təgrəñña ('al'ummar masu magana da harshen Tigrinya') ko Mutanen Tigrinya. A Habasha, Tigray" id="mwTA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tigrayan">Tigrayan, wato ɗan asalin Tigray, wanda kuma ke magana da yaren Tigrinya, ana kiransa a cikin Tigrinya a matsayin təgraway (maza), təgrawäyti (mata), tägaru (jama'a). gàher yana nufin "al'umma" a cikin kabilanci na kalmar a cikin Tigrinya, Tigre, Amharic da Ge'ez. Jeberti a Eritrea kuma suna magana da Tigrinya.

Tigrinya ita ce yaren da aka fi magana a Eritrea (duba Demographics of Eritrea), kuma yare na huɗu da aka fi amfani da shi a Habasha bayan Amharic, Oromo, da Somaliya. Hakanan manyan al'ummomin baƙi a duniya suna magana da shi, a ƙasashe da suka haɗa da Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Isra'ila, Denmark, Jamus, Italiya, Sweden, Ingila, Kanada da Amurka. A Ostiraliya, Tigrinya yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan da aka watsa a rediyo na jama'a ta hanyar sabis na watsa shirye-shirye na musamman na al'adu da yawa.^[2]

Harsunan Tigrinya sun bambanta da sauti, ƙamus, da kuma harshe. Babu wani yare da aka yarda da shi a matsayin misali. Kodayake mafi yawan yaduwa da amfani da shi, misali littattafai, fina-finai da labarai shine yaren Asmara.

Fasahar sauti

Don wakiltar sautunan Tigrinya, wannan labarin yana amfani da gyare-gyaren tsarin da ya zama ruwan dare (ko da yake ba na duniya ba) tsakanin masu ilimin harshe waɗanda ke aiki a kan Harsunan Semitic na Habasha, amma ya bambanta da tarurruka na Harshen Harshen Harkokin Harshen Duniya.

Sautin da ke tattare da shi

Tigrinya tana da saiti na musamman na phonemes don harshen Semitic na Habasha. Wato, akwai saiti na consonants ejective da tsarin sautuna bakwai na yau da kullun. Ba kamar yawancin harsunan Semitic na Habasha na zamani ba, Tigrinya ya adana ma'anar pharyngeal guda biyu waɗanda a bayyane suke wani ɓangare na tsohuwar yaren Geʽez kuma wanda, tare da [velar ejective fricative">xʼ], murya mara murya mai saurin murya mai laushi ko murya mara sauti mai saurin magana na uvular, ya sa ya zama mai sauƙin rarrabe Tigrinya mai magana daga harsuna masu alaƙa kamar Amharic, kodayake ba daga Tigre ba, wanda kuma ya kiyaye ma'anar ma'anar farji.

Shafuka da ke ƙasa suna nuna alamun Tigrinya. Ana nuna sautunan ta amfani da wannan tsarin don wakiltar sautunan kamar yadda yake a sauran labarin. Lokacin da alamar IPA ta bambanta, ana nuna rubutun a cikin ƙuƙwalwa.

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Tigrinya". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ "[[:Samfuri:Transliteration]]" ኤስ ቢ ኤስ ትግርኛ. SBS Your Language. Invalid |script-title=: unknown language code (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Tigrinya". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] "[[:Samfuri:Transliteration]]" ኤስ ቢ ኤስ ትግርኛ. SBS Your Language. Invalid |script-title=: unknown language code (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)

[1]

[2]