Harshen Yakut

Harshen Yakut
Саха тыла — саха тыла‎ — сахалыы‎
'Yan asalin magana	450,000 (2010)
Dangin harshen	Turkic languages Common Turkic (en) Siberian Turkic (en) Northern Siberian (en) Harshen Yakut
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Cyrillic script (en) da Sakha scripts (en)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-2	sah
ISO 639-3	sah
Glottolog	yaku1245

Yaren Yakut / / jəˈkuː t / yə yə-KOOT ), wanda kuma aka sani da yaren Sakha ( / səˈxɑː / sə - sə- ) ko Yakutian, yaren Turkiyya ne na Siberia wanda kusan masu magana da harshen asali 450,000 ke magana da shi - galibi 'yan kabilar Yakuts ne. Yana ɗaya daga cikin harsunan hukuma na Jamhuriyar Sakha, jamhuriya a Tarayyar Rasha .

Yaren Yakut yana da kalmomi masu yawa na asali daga Mongolian, wani yanki na ƙamus wanda ba a san asalinsa ba, da kuma aro da yawa daga Rashanci . Kamar sauran harsunan Turkiyya, Yakut harshe ne mai haɗa kalmomi kuma yana da jituwa da wasali .

Rarraba

Yakut memba ne na Yankin yarukan Turkic na Arewa maso gabas, wanda ya hada da Shor, Tuvan da Dolgan . Kamar yawancin Harsunan Turkic, Yakut yana da jituwa ta wasali, yana da haɗuwa kuma ba shi da Jima'i na ilimin lissafi. Tsarin kalma yawanci batun-abu ne-kalma. Yaren Tungusic da Mongolian sun rinjayi Yakut.

A tarihi, Yakut ya bar al'ummar masu magana da harshen Turkic da wuri. Saboda wannan, ya bambanta a hanyoyi da yawa daga wasu harsunan Turkic kuma fahimtar juna tsakanin Yakut da sauran harsunan Turkish yana da ƙarancin kuma kalmomi masu yawa suna da wuyar lura lokacin da aka ji. Duk da haka, Yakut ya ƙunshi siffofi da yawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don sake gina Proto-Turkic, kamar adana wasula masu tsawo. Ko da tare da mahimman siffofi daban-daban, Sakha (watau Yakut) yawanci ana haɗa shi tare da reshen Turkic na iyali maimakon reshen Oghuric tare da Chuvash. Wasu malamai kalilan (W. Radlov da sauransu) sun bayyana ra'ayin cewa Sakha (watau Yakut) ba Turkic ba ne.

Yankin da aka rarraba

Ana magana da Yakut galibi a Jamhuriyar Sakha . Har ila yau, 'yan kabilar Yakuts a Yankin Khabarovsk da kuma karamin diaspora a wasu sassan Tarayyar Rasha, Kazakhstan, Turkiyya da sauran sassan duniya suna amfani da shi. Dolgan, dangi na kusa da Yakut, wanda wasu suka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin yaren Yakut, Dolgans ne ke magana da shi a Yankin Krasnoyarsk. Yakut ana amfani dashi sosai a matsayin harshen magana da sauran kabilun da ke cikin Jamhuriyar Sakha - yawancin Dolgans, Evenks, Evens da Yukagirs suna magana da Yakut maimakon yarensu. Kimanin kashi 8% na mutanen kabilun ban da Yakut da ke zaune a Sakha sun yi iƙirarin sanin yaren Yakut a ƙidayar shekara ta 2002.

Fasahar sauti

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Yakut yana da sautunan sautuna masu zuwa, inda aka ba da darajar IPA a cikin slashes '//' kuma an ba da darajan rubutun asali a cikin bold sannan aka biyo bayan romanization a cikin parentheses.

Yakut a hanyoyi da yawa na musamman ne tsakanin Harsunan Turkic. Yakut da yaren Dolgan da ke da alaƙa da juna sune kawai yarukan Turkic ba tare da Sibilants na post-veolar ba. Bugu da ƙari, babu sanannun yarukan Turkic ban da Yakut da Khorasani Turkic da ke da hanci /ɲ/.

Haɗuwa da ma'ana

ConsonanT a morpheme iyakoki suna fuskantar m assimiL, duka ci G da koma B. Dukkanin ƙididdigar suna da allomorphs da yawa. Ga ƙayyadaddun da ke farawa da ƙayyadadden, an tsara nau'in ƙayyadyadaddun a kan ɓangaren ƙarshe. Akwai irin waɗannan ƙididdigar archiphonemic guda huɗu: G, B, T, da L. An ba da misalai na kowannensu a cikin tebur mai zuwa don ƙididdigatattun -GIt (mutum na biyu mai yawa, oɣoɣut 'ku [mai yawa.] yaro'), -BIT (mutumin mai yawa mai yawa, oɣobut, 'ɗanmu'), -TA (ƙididdigar ƙididdigan ƙididdigayyadaddun ƙididdigal, tiiste 'wasu hakora'), -LArA (mutum-mutumin ɗan uku mai yawa, ƙididdigari mai yawa mai ɗabi'i mai yawa). Lura cewa sauyawa a cikin wasula ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar jituwa ta wasula (duba babban labarin da sashin da ke ƙasa).