Harshen Yaminawa
| Harshen Yaminawa | |
|---|---|
'Yan asalin magana | 2,729 (2011) |
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
yaa |
| Glottolog |
yami1256[1] |
Yaminawa (Yaminahua) yare ne na Panoan na yammacin Amazon . Yaminawá da wasu mutane masu alaƙa da shi suna magana da shi.
Yaminawa ya zama babban rukuni na yare. Harsunan da aka tabbatar sune yarukan Yaminawa na ƙasar Brazil guda biyu ko fiye, Yaminawa, Chaninawa, Chitonawa, Mastanawa, Parkenawa (= Yora ko "Nawa"), Shanenawa (Xaninaua, = Katukina de Feijó), Sharanawa (= Marinawa), Shawannawa (= Arara), Yawanawá, Yaminaw-arara (wanda ya wuce gona da iri; yayi kama da Shawannawa / Arara), Nehanawa . Xinane Yura, wani nau'i da aka gano kwanan nan, wani rukuni ne da aka tuntuba a Kampa da Envira River Isolated Peoples Territory, Acre, Brazil a cikin shekarun 2010.[2]
Yaminawá ƙalilan ne ke magana da Mutanen Espanya ko Portuguese, kodayake Shanenawa galibi sun sauya zuwa Portuguese.
Fasahar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasula na Yaminawa sune /a, i, ɯ, u/ . /i, ɯ, u/ kuma ana iya jin sa a matsayin [ɪ, ɨ, o]. Sharanawa, Yaminawa, da Yora suna da takwarorinsu na nasalized ga kowane daga cikin wasula, kuma suna nuna bambancin nasalization.[3]
| Biyuwa | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Gishiri | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | t | k | |||
| Rashin lafiya | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||
| Fricative | ɸ | s | ʂ | ʃ | h | |
| Hanci | m | n | ||||
| Kusanci | (l) | j | w | |||
| Flap | ɾ |
Ana jin [l] a matsayin allophone na /ɾ/ . /j/ kuma ana iya jin sa a matsayin hanci [ɲ].
Yawanawá yana da irin wannan kayan aiki ga Yaminawa, amma yana amfani da muryar bilabial fricative /β/ a maimakon muryar bilavial fricative.[4] Yawanawá da Sharanahua suna da ƙarin sautin, mai kusanci da labio-velar /w/ .[4][5] Shanewana yana da fricative /f/ maimakon / z/ .[6]
Harshen harshe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yaminawa wani polysynthetic ne, da farko harshe ne wanda kuma ke amfani da compounding, nasalization, da kuma sautin sauyawa a cikin kalma-samarwa. Yaminawa yana nuna rarraba ergativity; sunaye da sunayen mutum na uku a kan layi na ergative-absolutive, yayin da kuma sunayen farko da na biyu a kan layi mai zargi. Yanayin magana na Yaminawa yana da yawa, yana ƙunshe da ma'anoni masu motsin rai (na motsin rai) da kuma nau'o'i kamar motsi mai alaƙa. Yaminawa kuma yana da saiti na sauyawa mai ba da shawara wanda ke ƙunshe da alaƙar batutuwa iri ɗaya ko daban-daban da kuma alaƙar da ke tsakanin sashi mai dogara (mai alama) da babban sashi.
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Yaminawa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Camargo Souza, Livia; Franchetto, Bruna (2021-12-29). "Aislados y «des-aislados» (in)voluntarios a través de sus lenguas: dos casos aparentemente opuestos". Anthropologica. Sistema de Bibliotecas PUCP. 39 (47): 317–337. doi:10.18800/anthropologica.202102.013. ISSN 2224-6428.
- ↑ "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories". linguistics.berkeley.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-07-23.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories - Yawanawa". linguistics.berkeley.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-02-01.
- ↑ "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories - Sharanahua". linguistics.berkeley.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-02-01.
- ↑ "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories - Shanenawa". linguistics.berkeley.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-02-01.
Haɗin waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kundin yaren Yaminahua a kan layi daga IDS
- Sharanahua Language Collection na Pierre Déléage (ya haɗa da tatsuniyoyi, waƙoƙin shamanistic, da waƙoƙun bikin) a Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America (AILLA).
- Yaminahua (Shirin da suka shafi Ƙasashen Duniya)
- Portal Japiim (ƙamus na kan layi na Xinane Yura)