Harshen Zabana

Harshen Zabana
Dangin harshen	Austronesian (en) Malayo-Polynesian (en) Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian (en) Harsunan Malay-Polynesian na Tsakiya da Gabas Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (en) Oceanic (en) Western Oceanic (en) Zabana
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	kji
Glottolog	zaba1237

Zabana yare ne da ake magana da shie a Oceanic wanda ake magana kusan kawai a cikin gundumar Kia a arewacin Tsibirin Santa Isabel a cikin Solomon Islands . Zabana an dauke shi harshe mai tasowa (Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale - EGIDS - matakin 5) wanda ke nufin cewa harshe yana cikin amfani mai ƙarfi, tare da wallafe-wallafen littafi da wasu ke amfani da su, kodayake wannan bai riga ya yadu ko kuma ya ci gaba ba. Yana daya daga cikin harsunan da aka fi magana a tsibirin Santa Isabel, yana gasa da Cheke Holo . Akwai kashi 30% zuwa 60% na karatu da rubutu a Zabana a matsayin yare na farko da kuma kashi 25% zuwa 50% na karatu da a Zabana azaman yare na biyu.

Wurin da yake

Zabana kusan ana magana ne kawai a tsibirin Santa Isabel, wanda shine tsibirin mafi girma a cikin asalin Isabel kuma tsibirin na uku mafi girma a jerin tsibirin Solomon. Zabana yana ɗaya daga cikin harsuna takwas daban-daban da ake magana a tsibirin Santa Isabel . Daga cikin sauran harsuna daban-daban guda bakwai da ake magana a tsibirin, Zabana tana da manyan kamanceceniya da Kokota da Cheke Holo (wanda aka fi sani da Maringe.) Hakanan an haɓaka yaren Zabana da Cheke holo kuma ana magana da shi a cikin yankin.

Fasahar sauti

		Labari	Alveolar	Velar	Gishiri
Hanci		m	n	ŋ
Plosive	voiceless	p	t	k
	voiced	b	d
Fricative	voiceless	f	s		h
	voiced	v	z	ɣ
Hanyar gefen			l
Trill			ɾ

Zabana kawai ya ƙunshi sassan buɗewa, tunda babu tarin ƙamus da wasula na geminate a cikin harshe. Matsi na murya a kan sauti ɗaya ba ya wanzu a Zabana; a maimakon haka, wasu sassan da ake kira sassan ƙarshe (sunan ƙarshe na kalma wanda ya ƙare a cikin wasali) ana jaddada su. Idan aka kwatanta da harsunan makwabta, Zabana tana da ƙananan alamomi fiye da maƙwabtanta, musamman Kokota .

Yawan bayyanar ma'ana

Farko	Tsakanin labarai
k 17%	l 13%
shafi na 12%	r 13%
t 10%	k 11%
s 10%	t 9%
m 8%	n 7%
b 7%	p 6%
l 6%	s 6%
r 5%	h 6%
n 4%	m 5%
h 4%	b 4%
d 3%	g 4%
v 3%	gh 4%
f 3%	d 3%
g 2%	v 3%
gh 2%	ng 3%
ng 2%	f 2%
z 1%	z 1%

Yanayin Yanayi

Kalmomin

Turanci	Zabana
Don gani	fifini
Don sha	ketuhu
Don barci	epu
Don faɗuwa	riufu/zɔɣu
Don cin abinci	mahai
Tsaya	tetu
Don sutura	tena
Don amai	mumuti
Don gudana	ɔrɔ/kɔtɔrɔ
Don tonowa	hara

Akwai nau'ikan kalmomi guda biyu a cikin Zabana, kalmomi masu wucewa da marasa wucewa.

• Kalmomin wucewa: ana iya haɗa su da ƙayyadaddun abin da ke nuna abu kai tsaye ko kai tsaye.
• Intransitive verb: aikatau waɗanda ke isar da motsi na wani nau'i.

Sunaye

Turanci	Zabana
Uwar	uke
Uba	mama
Gidan	suga
Hanci	hiŋa-
Jinin	busaka-
Idanu	hiba-
Kwai	tediri
Karnuka	meusu
Rat	pururudu
'Ya'yan itace	fua-
Kifi	namari

A cikin Zabana, mallaka ana nuna ta hanyar haɗin kai ta hanyar ma'anar mallaka da aka haɗa da sunan kamar a'a ko ka. Kalmomi kamar 'mahaifi', 'mahaifin', da 'ɗan kawun' ba za su taɓa ɗaukar ma'anar mallaka ba.

Adjectives

Turanci	Zabana
Ragewa	bɔe
Rashin sanyi	kapɔ
Mai zafi	daŋava
Red	busaka
Yellow	hekɔ
Green	dɔdɔli
Baƙar fata	sisibe
Daɗi	veha|na
Mugun / mugunta	mukɔ
Mai nauyi	tahu
Ruwa	bɔese
Rashin ruwa	ka|raŋɔ

Lambobin

Turanci	Zabana
Ɗaya	kaike-ɣu
Biyu	palu-ɣu
Uku	litɔ-ɣu
Hudu	rɔdana-ɣu
Biyar	gahaɣu
Shida	ɔnɔmɔɣu
Bakwai	vituɣu
Takwas	hanaɣu
Tara	leɣahaɣu
Goma	tazo
Ɗari	kaike ɣɔbi
Dubban	kaike tɔɤa

Ana yin lambobi masu yawa ta hanyar hada lambobi masu mahimmanci, kamar ɗaya zuwa goma, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi goma, kamar ɗari da dubu ɗaya.

Tushen	Sauye-sauye
ba ya zama	nonohe 'tsarin wurin zama'
goto 'don tafasa'	gotogoto 'don gumi'
baolo 'don suna'	babaolo 'sunan'

Ana amfani da reduplication a cikin Zabana don samun kalmomin da ba su da ma'ana daga kalmomin da ke wucewa da kuma samun sunaye daga kalmomin.

Kalmomin tambaya

Turanci	Zabana
Wanene	hei
Me ya sa	heve
Inda/wanda	hae
Lokacin da/ nawa/ nawa ne yawa/ nawa ne	niha

Tsarin jumla

Zabana galibi yare ne na kalma-subject-object (VSO).

Bayyanawa

Ana nuna jimloli masu bayyanawa ta hanyar saukowa a ƙarshen jumla kuma an nuna tsarin jumla na asali ko umarnin kalma na jumla mai bayyanawa a ƙasa.  

Tambaya

Akwai nau'ikan tambayoyi guda huɗu a cikin Zabana: tambayoyin polar (yes / a'a), tambayoyin abun ciki, tambayoyin madadin, da tambayoyin shakku (rhetorical).

• Tambayar Polar: wanda aka nuna ta hanyar tashi a cikin intonation a ƙarshen jumla
• Tambayar abun ciki: wanda aka nuna ta hanyar amfani da ɗaya daga cikin kalmomin tambaya guda huɗu da kuma faduwa a cikin intonation a ƙarshen tambaya
• Tambaya ta daban: a Zabana yawanci ana nema ko tambayoyin budewa

Harshe na girmamawa

Akwai wani nau'in harshe na Zabana wanda ake amfani dashi lokacin da ake magana da shugabannin dangi.

Turanci	Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita	Babban tsari
Yaro	rekaha	suli gitau
Idanu	hiba	nahali
Barci	epu	megho
Fall	riufu	neukete

Kalmomi masu rikitarwa

Ana samar da kalmomi masu rikitarwa a Zaba lokacin da aka yi amfani da sashi mai haɗuwa a cikin jumla, ta hanyar amfani da ɗaya daga cikin haɗin daban-daban guda uku: nia, ga, da ba, waɗanda suke 'kuma', 'ko', da 'amma' bi da bi. Abin da ya bambanta da wannan doka shi ne haɗin ghe, wanda ake amfani da shi don nuna jumla ko tambaya, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da nia don haɗa wakilin da sunan da ya dace tare. Hakanan ana iya amfani da Ghe a cikin jumla mai rikitarwa don haɗa sunaye biyu daban-daban.

Hukunce-hukunce na yanayi

A Zabana akwai nau'ikan kalmomi daban-daban guda biyu: kalmomi masu sauƙi da marasa gaskiya. Dukkanin jimloli suna amfani da ƙwayoyin la don nuna cewa su jimloli ne na yanayi.

• Mai sauƙi: wanda aka nuna ta hanyar amfani da ƙwayoyin tare da ƙwayoyi la, jimloli masu sauƙi sun bayyana halin da ake ciki a Zabana.