Harsunan Edoid

Harsunan Edoid
Linguistic classification	Harsunan Nijar-Congo Harsunan Atlantic-Congo Volta–Niger (en) Harsunan Edoid

Harsunan Edo wasu harsuna ne da ake magana a kudancin Najeriya. Ƙungiyoyin kabilun Edo galibi suna cikin Jihohin Edo da Delta duk da haka, ƙananan al'ummomin Edoid suna cikin jihohin Ondo, Bayelsa, da Rivers. Kalmar "Edoid" don ƙungiyar harshe ta samo asali ne daga memba mafi yawan magana, Edo, wanda ake magana da shi a Kudancin Edo. Harsunan Edoid gabaɗaya suna da kusan masu magana da firamare da sakandare miliyan 10.

Rarraba

Elugbe (1989)

Rarrabawar da ke biyowa ta dogara ne akan na Elugbe (1989). [1]   Ihievbe da Aduge ba a rarraba su a cikin rassan su ba.

Lewis (2013)

Wani madadin rarraba harsunan Edoid ta Lewis (2013:160):   Nazarin Lewis ingantaccen ci gaba ne akan rarrabawar Elugbe, yayin da aka gano wasu harsuna kuma aka rarraba su. Koyaya, ya watsar da Uvbie na reshen Edoid na Kudu maso Yamma (cf. Emoefe et al. (2017). )

Sunayen da wurare

Da ke ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harsuna, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019).

Harshe	Ofishin reshe	Rukunin	Harsuna	Sauran rubutun	Sunan kansa don harshe	Sunayen da ke ciki	Sauran sunaye (bisa ga wuri)	Sauran sunayen harshe	Sunan waje	Masu magana	Wurin (s)
Degema	Delta		Atala, ana magana da shi a garin Degema, da Usokun ana magana da su a Usokun-Degema	Ya sauka da sauri			Atala, Usokun	(Udekama ba a ba da shawarar ba)		10,000 (SIL)	Jihar Rivers, Degema LGA
Engenni	Delta		Ediro, Inedua, da Ogua; Zarama a Yenagoa LGA	Rashin jituwa da kuma	Ruwa					10,000 (1963); 20,000 (1980 UBS)	Jihar Bayelsa, Yenagoa da Ahoada LGAs JiharJihar Koguna
Epie	Delta		Ƙungiyoyi biyu, Epie da Atiṣa aƙalla garuruwa uku: Agudiama, Akẹnfai, Yẹneguẹ					Epie-Atissa, Epie-Atiṣa		12,000 (SIL)	Jihar Bayelsa, Yenagoa LGA
Ƙungiyar Emai-Iuleha-Ora	Arewa-Tsakiyar	Emai-Iuleha-Ora	Ivhimion. Harsunan karya Ihievbe da Uokha an jera su a cikin Ethnologue (2009)					Kunibum	Ivbiosakon	kimanin 100,000 fiye (1987 Schaefer)	Jihar Edo, Owan, LGA
Emai	Arewa-Tsakiyar	Emai-Iuleha-Ora								kimanin 20-25,000 (1987 Schaefer)
Iuleha	Arewa-Tsakiyar	Emai-Iuleha-Ora				Aoma				kimanin 50,000 (1987 Schaefer)
Ora	Arewa-Tsakiyar	Emai-Iuleha-Ora								kimanin 30,000 (1987 Schaefer)
Esan	Arewa-Tsakiyar		Harsuna da yawa	Ishan	Ka yi fice					183,000 (1952); 500,000 da aka kiyasta a 1963: Okojie & Ejele (1987)	Jihar Bendel (yanzu Jihar Edo da Jihar Delta), Agbazilo, Okpebho, Owan da Etsako LGAs
Ikpeshi	Arewa-Tsakiyar									1,826 (Bradbury 1957)	Jihar Edo, Etsako LGA
Etsako	Arewa-Tsakiyar		Auchi, Uzairue, Kudancin Ivbie, Uwepa-Uwano, (Weppa-Wano), Avbianwu (Fugar), Avbiele, Ivbiadaobi		Yẹkhee: ba duk masu magana da harshe ba ne suka gane wannan a matsayin sunan harshe.		Etsakọ	Iyẹkhee, Afenmai, Kukuruku (ba a ba da shawarar ba)		73,500 (1952), 150,000 (UBS 1987)	Jihar Edo, Etsako, Agbako da Okpebho LGAs
Ghotuọ	Arewa-Tsakiyar						Otwa, wani wuri			9,000 (1952)	Jihar Edo, Owan da Akoko-Edo LGAs
Tarin Ivbie na Arewa-Okpela-Arhẹ	Arewa-Tsakiyar	Ivbie Arewa-Okpela-Arhẹ								14,500 (1952); mai yiwuwa 20,000 (1973 SIL)	Jihar Edo, Etsako da Akoko-Nego LGAs
Ivbie ta Arewa	Arewa-Tsakiyar	Ivbie Arewa-Okpela-Arhẹ
Okpela	Arewa-Tsakiyar	Ivbie Arewa-Okpela-Arhẹ		Okpella, Ukpilla
Arhẹ	Arewa-Tsakiyar	Ivbie Arewa-Okpela-Arhẹ		A cikinta, A cikinta
Yẹkhee	Arewa-Tsakiyar		Auchi, Uzairue, Kudancin Ivbie, Uwepa-Uwano, (Weppa-Wano), Avbianwu (Fugar), Avbiele, Ivbiadaobi		Yẹkhee: ba duk masu magana da harshe ba ne suka gane wannan a matsayin sunan harshe.		Etsakọ: yaren ba shine kawai yaren da aka jera kamar yadda ake magana a cikin Etsako LGA ba.	Iyẹkhee, Afenmai, Kukuruku (ba a ba da shawarar ba)		73,500 (1952), 150,000 (UBS 1987)	Jihar Edo, Etsako, Agbako da Okpebho LGAs
Ruwa	Arewa-Tsakiyar			Ovioba, Oviedo			Benin	Ẹdo (B)		203,000 (1952), 1,000,000 (1987 UBS)	Jihar Edo, Ovia, Oredo da Orhionmwon LGAs
Osusus	Arewa-Tsakiyar									6,532 (1957 Bradbury)	Jihar Edo, Akoko-Edo LGA
Sasaru-Enwan-Igwẹ	Arewa-Tsakiyar		Enwan, Igwẹ, Sasaru							3,775 (1952)	Jihar Edo, Akoko-Edo LGA
Unẹmẹ	Arewa-Tsakiyar			Uleme, Ileme, Ineme						6,000 (1952).	Jihar Edo, Etsako, Agbazilo da Akoko-Edo LGAs. Uneme kungiya ce ta ma'aikata kuma suna zaune a warwatse tsakanin sauran kungiyoyin harsuna.
Uhami	Arewa maso Yamma							Isua		5,498 (1963)	Jihar Ondo, Akoko-Kudanci da Owo LGAs
Ukue	Arewa maso Yamma						Ukpe, Ẹkpenmi			5,702 (1963)	Jihar Ondo, Akoko ta Kudu LGA
Ehuẹun	Arewa maso Yamma						Rubuce-rubuce da aka yi amfani da su			5,766 (1963)	Jihar Ondo, Akoko ta Kudu LGA
Iyayu	Arewa maso Yamma								Idoani	9,979 (1963)	Jihar Ondo, kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na garin Idoani
Ẹmhalhẹ	Arewa maso Yamma						Somorika (Semolika)			249 a garin Semolina (Temple 1922)	Jihar Edo, Akoko-Edo LGA
Okpamheri	Arewa maso Yamma		Ọkpamheri yana nufin 'mu ɗaya ne": Okulosho (Okurosho), Yammacin Okpamheri, Emhalhe (Emarle, Somorika, Semolika). Bambance-bambance.	Opameri		Aduge (ya zama sunan gari)				18,136 (1957 Bradbury); 30,000 (1973 SIL)	Jihar Edo, Akoko-Edo LGA, Jihar Kwara, Oyi LGA
Ọkpẹ-Idesa-Akuku	Arewa maso Yamma		Yankin da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin da aka yi la'akari da shi								Jihar Edo, Akoko-Edo LGA
Oloma	Arewa maso Yamma									353 (1957 Bradbury)	Jihar Edo, Akoko-Edo LGA
Ẹrụwa	Kudancin Yamma			Erohwa, Erakwa, Arokwa							Jihar Delta, Isoko LGA
Isoko	Kudancin Yamma		daban-daban					Igabo, Sobo (duba kuma a ƙarƙashin Urhobo)	Biotu (ba a ba da shawarar ba)	Akalla 74,000 (1952 REB); 300,000 (1980 UBS)	Jihar Delta, Isoko da Ndokwa LGAs
Kayan aiki	Kudancin Yamma			Ukpɛ						8,722 (1957 Bradbury)	Jihar Delta, Okpe LGA
Urhobo	Kudancin Yamma		Harsuna da yawa, Agbarho an yarda da su a matsayin misali. Okpe da Uvbiẹ, galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin yarukan Urhobo, ana bi da su a matsayin harsuna daban-daban (q.v.) a kan tushen harshe kawai	Sobo (ba a ba da shawarar ba) (Dubi kuma Isoko)					Biotu (Dubi kuma Isoko)	akalla 173,000 (1952 REB); 340,000 (1973 SIL)	Jihar Delta, Habasha da Ughelli LGAs
Uvbiẹ	Kudancin Yamma			Uvwie, Evrie, Uvhria, Effurum, Effurun, Evhro (ba a ba da shawarar ba)						6,000 (1952)	Jihar Delta, Habasha LGA
Fon	Kudancin			Dahomey			Gbe			5,000,000 (1957 Bradbury)	Jamhuriyar Benin
Ewe	Gabashin Ghana			Togo			Gbe			10,000,000 (1957 Bradbury)	Ghana da Togo

Kalmomin kwatankwacin

Misali na asali na asali don wasu harsunan Edoid na arewa daga Lewis (2013):

Harshe	ido	kunne	hanci	hakora	harshe	baki	jini	kasusuwa	itace	ruwa	cin abinci	sunan
Ghotuo	ɛ́ó	Yammacin Yamma	a cikin	ɛ̄kɔ̄	ma'auni	inda aka haɗa	ādɛ̄	ūgūā	ɔkpótā	Aāmɛ̄	Ije	Evà
Sasaru	restaurant	Ya yi amfani da shi	a cikin	Hallaka:	Ureya	Unu	Oura	Uguá	Ka yi la'akari da shi	Aāmɛ̄	Réʒí	ōvana
Ikhin	ɛ́ɣó	Ya sami karbuwa	Yamma	aká	Uwɛ́rɛ́	A ina	Oura	Iguwa	Ya kasance a cikin	Alamar	èmāèēè	EVA
Arokho	ɛ̄xō	Yana da kyau	a cikin	Aākɔ̄	ko kuma abin da ya faru	inda aka haɗa	Ojja	Uguwa	Urai	Aāmɛ̄	Émaē	Evà
Ma'aikata	ɛ̄xō	Ya yi amfani da shi	a cikin	Ya kasance a cikin	Órɛ̄mì	inda aka haɗa	ɛ́rè	ák͡pókà	órà̃	Aāmɛ̄	Emiremi	êːɲì
Igwe (Sale)	ɛ̄xō	Ya ce za a yi	a ciki	Aākɔ̄	A cikin abin da ya faru	A ina	Oura	igúá	Yana da yawa	abin da ake kira	īdɛ̄ré	daga cikin
Igwe (Oke)	ɛ́rō	Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi	a ciki	ɛ̄kō	Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi	inda aka haɗa	O'a	ɔ̄tɛ̄kū	Ukan Sinorib	Aāmɛ̄	An yi amfani da shi	hujja
Ake	ōk͡pɛxò	exɔ	a cikin	Ya yi magana a kai	Ure'smì	inda aka haɗa	Harshen ƙasa	Rashin saurin	Ya kasance	abin da ake kira	Ya kasance a cikin	ya ce
Okpuje	ɛ̄xō	A ce: ta kasance	Erùè	Aiki ne	Ya ce za a iya yin hakan	inda aka haɗa	ɛ̄rē	ák͡púkà	Óra	abin da ake kira	Ébaè	ēhī
Sobongida	ɛ̄xō	e̋ːxɔ̀	ya kasance	ākū̃	Ya ce za a iya yin hakan	inda aka haɗa	ɛ̄rē	āk͡pôːkà	Óra	Ya kasance	a cikin	Rashin kunya

Fasahar sauti

An sake gina Proto-Edo kamar yadda yake da bambanci tsakanin ƙayyadaddun baki da hanci da wasula na baki da hanji na musamman ga yankin. Koyaya, a wasu harsunan Edoid an sake nazarin wasula na hanci a matsayin allophones na wasula na baki bayan wasula na haɗi, kuma a wasu an sake nazarin sassan hanci a cikin allophones of oral consonants kafin wasula na fuska, rage yawan sautin hanci. Urhobo yana riƙe da hanci uku, /m, n, ɲ/, kuma yana da ƙayyadaddun baki guda biyar tare da allophones na hanci, /__yue____yue____wue____yure____yue__, j, w/; a cikin Edo wannan an rage shi zuwa ƙayyadadden hanci guda ɗaya, /m/, amma ƙarin ƙayyadamuran ƙayyadakkyawan ƙayyadamshi guda takwas tare da allófon hanci, -p, /p, b, b, t, d, k, ɡ, ɡb/; kuma a cikin Ukue babu ƙayyadamar ƙayyadayirekuna biyu kawai tare da ƙayyuwa da ƙayuwa da ƙayƙolin hanci guda biyu tare da ƙayi biyu tare da allofono:

Dubi kuma

• Jerin sake ginawa na Proto-Edoid (Wiktionary)

Bayanan littattafai

• Frank Kügler, Caroline Féry, Ruben Van De Vijver (2009) Bambanci da Girma a cikin Phonetics da PhonologyBambanci da Gradience a cikin Phonetics da Phonology
• Elugbe, Ben Ohiọmamhẹ. 1989a. "Edoid". A cikin Bendor-Samuel (Ed.), Harsunan Nijar-Congo . Lanham: Jaridar United Press ta Amurka . 291-304.
• Elugbe, Ben Ohiọmamhẹ. 1989b. Kwatanta Edoid: phonology da lexicon. Delta Series No. 6. Port Harcourt: Jami'ar Port Harcoort Press.
• [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Jerin kalmomin Delta Edoid Archived 2024-10-07 at the Wayback Machine.

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