Harsunan Malay-Polynesian na Tsakiya da Gabas
| Harsunan Malay-Polynesian na Tsakiya da Gabas | |
|---|---|
| Linguistic classification |
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| Glottolog | cent2237[1] |
Harsuna Malay-Polynesian na Tsakiya-Gabas (CEMP) sun samar da reshe na harsunan Malayo-Polynesia wanda ya kunshi harsuna sama da 700 (Blust 1993). [2]
Rarraba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana magana da yarukan Malayo-Polynesian na Tsakiya a cikin Ƙananan Sunda da Maluku_Islands" id="mwEg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Maluku Islands">Tsibirin Maluku na Tekun Banda, a cikin wani yanki wanda ya dace da lardunan Indonesian na Gabashin Nusa Tenggara da Maluku da ƙasar Timor"Timor ta Gabas (sai dai yarukan Papuan na Timor da tsibirai da ke kusa), amma tare da Harshen Bima ya kai ga rabin gabashin tsibirin Sumbawa a lardin Yammacin Nusa Tenggara kuma yarukan Sula a kusurwar kudu maso yammacin lardin Arewacin Maluku. Manyan tsibirai a wannan yankin sune Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Timor, Buru, da Seram. Harsunan da suka fi muhimmanci a lambobi sune Nggahi Mbojo (Bimanese), Manggarai na yammacin Flores, Uab Meto na West Timor, da Tetum, harshen ƙasa na East Timor.
Ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin asalin shawarar, CEMP ya kasu kashi biyu cikin tsakiyar Malayo-Polynesian (CMP) da Gabashin Malayo- Polynesian (EMP). Koyaya, ana fahimtar CMP gabaɗaya a matsayin kalmar rufewa ga harsunan da ba na EMP ba a cikin CEMP, waɗanda ke samar da haɗin kai a mafi kyau maimakon ingantaccen clade.
Harsunan Malay-Polynesian na Tsakiya na iya samar da alaƙa. A mafi yawancin su ba su da tabbaci, amma ba su bayyana sun zama rukuni mai jituwa ba. Yawancin abubuwan da aka tsara na CMP ba a samo su a cikin matsanancin yanayin yankin ba. Saboda haka wasu masana harsuna suna la'akari da shi a matsayin hanyar haɗi; rarraba mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na iya la'akari na CMP a matsayin kalma mai dacewa ga waɗancan yarukan Gabas ta Tsakiya waɗanda ba Gabashin Malayo-Polynesian ba ne (Grimes 1991).
Harsunan Gabashin Malayo-Polynesian sun fito ne daga bakin tekun Halmahera a fadin Pacific. Wannan rukuni har yanzu yana da rikice-rikice saboda ya dogara ne kawai akan shaidar ƙamus, ba tare da sababbin sababbin sauti ba. Sabanin haka, rassan guda biyu, Kudancin Halmahera-West New Guinea da Oceanic, kowannensu an bayyana shi sosai ta hanyar sababbin sauti da ƙamus, kuma an yarda da shi a duniya a matsayin ƙungiyoyi masu inganci.
Rashin amincewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Donohue & Grimes (2008), [3] wadanda ba sa la'akari da CEMP har ma da alaƙa. Donohue & Grimes (2008) suna jayayya cewa siffofi da yawa da ake da'awar bayyana CMP ko CEMP ana samun su a wasu daga cikin harsunan Yammacin Malayo-Polynesian masu ra'ayin mazan jiya har ma da harsunan Formosan. Edwards & Grimes (2021) kuma ba ta la'akari da CEMP a matsayin reshe mai jituwa.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Harsunan Indonesia
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/cent2237
|chapterurl=missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. - ↑ Blust, Robert (1993). "Central and Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian". Oceanic Linguistics. 32 (2): 241–293. doi:10.2307/3623195. JSTOR 3623195.
- ↑ Donohue, Mark; Grimes, Charles E. (2008). "Yet More on the Position of the Languages of Eastern Indonesia and East Timor". Oceanic Linguistics. 47 (1): 114–158. JSTOR 20172341.
- Fay Wouk da Malcolm Ross (ed.), Tarihi da nau'ikan tsarin muryar yammacin Austronesian. Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya, 2002. hdl:1885/146136 doi:doi:10.15144/PL-518
- K. Alexander Adelaar da Nikolaus Himmelmann, Harsunan Austronesian na Asiya da Madagascar. . [Hasiya]
