Harsunan Moklenic

Harsunan Moklenic
Linguistic classification	Austronesian (en) ; Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Harsunan Moklenic; ; ;
Glottolog	moke1241

Harsunan Moklenic ko Moken–Moklen sun ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i na harsuna biyu masu alaƙa amma daban-daban, wato Moken da Moklen. Larish (1999) ya kafa harsunan biyu azaman ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi biyu daban-daban na babban reshen Moken–Moklen. Larish (2005) yana ba da shawarar Moklenic a matsayin madadin sunan Moken–Moklen, kalmar ƙarshe wacce Larish ta fara amfani dashi (1999).

Harsuna

Akwai harsunan Moklenic guda biyu.

Moken, wanda kusan mutane 2,500-3,000 Moken ke magana da shi ko kuma "Sea Gypsies na" na Thailand da Myanmar.
Moklen, mutane 2,500-3,000 Moklen na kudancin Thailand ke magana da shi.

Moken da Moklen suna da alaƙa ta harshe da al'adu amma sun bambanta da juna, tare da masu magana da Moken da farko sune mafarauta na tushen teku, yayin da masu magana da Moklen mutane ne na ƙasa waɗanda ke zaune a ƙauyuka da garuruwan Kudancin Thailand (Larish 2005). Nazarin kwatankwacin Moken da Moklen sun haɗa da na Leerabhandh (1984), Makboon (1981), da Larish (1999).

Harsunan Moklenic ana magana da su tare da nisan kilomita 650 na gabar yamma na kudancin Myanmar da kudancin Thailand, daga tsibirin Tavoy, Burma zuwa tsibirin Phi Phi, Thailand (Larish 2005). Moken yana da rarrabuwa mai faɗi sosai, yayin da Moklen ke magana kawai a gabar tekun yammacin Thailand. Moklen yana nuna tasirin Kudancin Thai kuma yana cikin haɗari fiye da Moken.

Urak Lawoi' wani ruƙuni ne na Sea Gypsies a kudancin Thailand. Yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Malay, kuma ba yaren Moklenic ba ne. A tsibirin Phuket, Urak Lawoi' yana hulɗa da Moken.

Alakar waje

Larish (1999, 2005)

Larish (1999, 2005) yana ɗaukar Moklenic a matsayin ' yar'uwar Chamic da Harsunan Malaya maimakon a matsayin ɓangare na su. Harsunan Moklenic kuma sun sami tasiri sosai daga harsunan Austroasiatic, tare da yawancin kalmomin lamuni na Austroasiatic, kamar 'tsuntsaye', kuma ana samun su a cikin Chamic.^[2]

Larish (1999) ya rarraba harsunan biyu Moken da Moklen a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban rukunin rukunin Moklenic– Acehnese-Chamic-Malayic ("MACM").

Moklenic-Acehnese-Chamic-Malayic

"Funan"?
Moklenic (nuna *q> *k canjin sauti)
- Moken
- Moklen
Acehnese-Chamic-Malayic (nuna *q > * h canjin sauti)
- Acehese-Chamic
- Malesiya

Yayin da harsunan Acehnese-Chamic-Malayic ke nuna canjin sauti na Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *q > *h, Harsunan Moklenic a maimakon haka suna nuna Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *q > *k canjin sauti. A cikin Duano, ko da yake yana cikin reshe na Malay, * q yana canzawa zuwa * k maimakon * h (* qulu → Duano kulu, amma Proto-Malayic * hulu), ^[3] ya raba tare da Moklenic.

Larish (1999) ya kuma yi hasashen cewa harshen da ba a san shi ba (ko harsuna) na Daular Funan a kudancin Vietnam na iya kasancewa farkon rabuwa daga Proto-Moklenic–Acehnese-Chamic-Malayic.^[4]

Smith (2017)

A cikin rarrabuwa na baya-bayan nan na harsunan Malayo-Polynesian na yamma, Smith (2017: 459)^[5] ya yi jayayya bisa ga shaidar sauti cewa Moklenic reshe ne na farko daga Proto-Malayo-Polynesian.

Sake ginawa

Larish ya sake gina Proto-Moken-Moklen (1999).

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/moke1241 |chapterurl= missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Anderbeck, Karl (2012). "The Malayic speaking Orang Laut: Dialects and directions for research". Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia. 14 (2): 265–312. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
↑ Anderbeck, Karl (2012). "The Malayic speaking Orang Laut: Dialects and directions for research". Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia. 14 (2): 265–312. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
↑ Larish, Michael David. 1999. The Position of Moken and Moklen Within the Austronesian Language Family. Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.
↑ Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics. 56 (2): 435–490. doi:10.1353/ol.2017.0021.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/moke1241 |chapterurl= missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] Anderbeck, Karl (2012). "The Malayic speaking Orang Laut: Dialects and directions for research". Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia. 14 (2): 265–312. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

[3] Anderbeck, Karl (2012). "The Malayic speaking Orang Laut: Dialects and directions for research". Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia. 14 (2): 265–312. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

[Larish1999-4] Larish, Michael David. 1999. The Position of Moken and Moklen Within the Austronesian Language Family. Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.

[SmithWMP-5] Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics. 56 (2): 435–490. doi:10.1353/ol.2017.0021.

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