Harsunan Ongan

 

Harsunan Ongan
Linguistic classification	abu abstract entity (en) languoid (en) language (en) human language (en) Harsunan Ongan
Glottolog	jara1244

Ongan, wanda kuma ake kira Angan, Jarawa-Onge, ko kuma Kudancin Andaman, iyali ne na harshe wanda ya ƙunshi harsuna biyu da aka tabbatar da Andamanese da ake magana a kudancin Tsibirin Andaman.

Harsuna biyu da aka sani sune:

• Önge ko Onge; masu magana 96 (Onge) a cikin 1997, galibi harshe ɗaya
• Jarawa ko Järawa; an kiyasta a cikin masu magana 200 (Jarawa) a cikin 1997, harshe ɗaya

Ana amfani da lakabin 'Harsunan Andamanese na Kudancin' don kusanci da ke da alaƙa da kudancin manyan yarukan Andamanese.

Dangantaka ta waje

Harsunan Andaman da aka tabbatar sun fada cikin iyalai biyu, Babban Andamanese kuma Ongan.

Tun daga wannan lokacin an ba da shawarar (ta Juliette Blevins 2007) cewa Ongan (amma ba Babban Andamanese ba) yana da alaƙa da Austronesian a cikin iyali da ake kira Austronesian-Ongan . Koyaya, shawarar haɗin asali tsakanin Austronesian da Ongan ba a karɓa da kyau daga wasu masana harsuna ba. George Van Driem (2011) ya ɗauki shaidar Blevins a matsayin "ba mai tilasta ba", kodayake ya bar yiwuwar a buɗe cewa wasu kamanceceniya na iya zama sakamakon tuntuɓar / aro, matsayin da Hoogervorst ya riƙe (2012). Robert Blust (2014) ya yi jayayya cewa ƙididdigar Blevins ba ta goyi bayan bayanan ta ba, kuma daga cikin sake ginawa 25 na farko, babu wanda za'a iya sake shi ta amfani da hanyar kwatankwacin. Blust ya kammala cewa kwatancin ilimin lissafi bai tsaya ba, kuma ya ambaci shaidar da ba ta harshe ba (kamar al'adu, archaeological, da halittu) game da ra'ayin Blevins.

Sake ginawa

Harsunan Ongan guda biyu da aka tabbatar suna da kusanci, kuma sake fasalin sauti na tarihi galibi yana da sauƙi:

Tattaunawar ma'anar Proto-Ongan [7]

Farko-Ongan	*p	*b	*t	*d	*kw	*k	*ɡ	*j	*w	*c	*ɟ	*m	*n	*ɲ	*ŋ	*l	*r
Jarawa	p, b	b	t	d	HW, h	h	ɡ, j	j	w	c	ɟ	m	n	ɲ	ŋ	l	r
Onge	b	b	t, d	d, r	kw, h	K, ɡ	ɡ, Ø	j	w	c, ɟ	ɟ	m	n	ɲ	ŋ	l, j	r/j/l, Ø

Tattaunawar wasula na Proto-Ongan a cikin sassan da ba na ƙarshe ba [7]

Farko-Ongan	*i	*u	*a	*e	*o	(*ə)
Jarawa	i	u	a	e, ə, o	o	(ə)
Onge	i	u	a	e, ə, o	o	(ə)

Harshen harshe

Harsunan Ongan suna da haɗin kai, tare da babban prefix da tsarin suffix. sunan da tsarin aji na suna wanda ya dogara da sassa na jiki, wanda kowane suna da adjective na iya ɗaukar prefix bisa ga wane ɓangaren jiki yana da alaƙa da shi (bisa ga siffar, ko haɗin aiki). Wani abu na musamman game da kalmomin ga sassan jiki shine cewa ba za a iya cire su ba, suna buƙatar prefix mai mallaka don kammala su, don haka mutum ba zai iya cewa "kai" shi kaɗai ba, amma kawai "ni, ko nasa, ko naka, da dai sauransu".

Wakilan Ongan a nan suna wakiltar Önge:

Ni, nawa	m-	mu, namu	da kuma, ot-
kai, ka	ŋ-	kai, ku	n-
shi, nasa, ita, ita, shi, shi,	g-	su, su	ekw-, ek-, ok-

Har ila yau, akwai prefix mara iyaka ən-, a kan- "wani". Jarawa ba ta da jerin jam'i, amma mutum ɗaya yana kusa sosai: m-, ŋ- ko n-, w-, ən-. Daga wannan, Blevins ya sake gina Proto-Ongan *m-, *ŋ-, *gw-, *en-.

Yin hukunci daya tushen da ake da shi, yarukan Andamanese suna da lambobi biyu kawai: ɗaya da biyu kuma duk ƙididdigar ƙididdigarsa ɗaya ce, biyu, ɗaya, wasu, da duka.

Dubi kuma

• Jerin sake ginawa na Proto-Ongan (Wiktionary)

Manazarta

• Das Gupta, D. da S. R. Sharma. Littafin Hanyar Harshe na Önge . Binciken Anthropological na Indiya: Calcutta 1982.
• E. H. Man, Dictionary of the South Andaman Language, British India Press: Bombay 1923.
• [Hasiya] Harshen Jarawa: Phonology . Calcutta: Binciken Anthropological na Indiya, Gwamnatin Indiya, Ma'aikatar Al'adu, Harkokin Matasa, da Wasanni, Sashen Al'adu.
• [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Jarwa - Harshe da Al'adu. Binciken Anthropological na Indiya, Ma'aikatar Al'adu, Gwamnatin Indiya, Kolkata

• Kalmomin Freelang Onge