Harsunan Tamanic

Harsunan Tamanic
Linguistic classification	Austronesian (en) ; Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Sulawesi (en) ; Harsunan Kudancin Sulawesi; Harsunan Tamanic; ; ; ; ; ;
Glottolog	tama1334

Harsunan Tamanic ƙananan rukuni ne na harsuna na Kapuas Hulu Regency, da ke gabasie Kalimantan:

Embaloh (ciki har da Kalis)
Taman (Taman Dayak)

Harsunan Tamanic ba su da alaƙa da wasu harsuna a Borneo. Maimakon haka, suna cikin yarukan Kudancin Sulawesi, mai yiwuwa a cikin reshe ɗaya tare da Buginese.^[2]

Canjin sauti

A nan akwai jerin canje-canjen sauti daga Proto-Malayo-Polynesian zuwa harsuna daban-daban na Tamanic.

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Haɗuwa da sauti:
- d="mwKw">*D ya haɗu da d.
- d="mwLg">*j ya haɗu da s, amma ya haɗu cikin d bayan *n.
- *h, *q sun haɗu cikin 意, duk da haka, a cikin matsayi na ƙarshe sakamakon su har yanzu sun bambanta.
- d="mwNw">*z ya haɗu da d.
Lenition a cikin matsayi na intervocalic:
- *-b- > -w- (wani lokacin ya share).
- *-d- > -r- (asalin *D da *z suma sun shafi).
- *-ŋ-, *-k- > -Xë- a cikin Taman (*takut > ataut).
- Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi ko kuma ya bi ma'anar hanci, alamun asali sun kasance.
*l an daidaita shi da r kafin r a cikin wannan ko kuma mai zuwa (*ulaR > urar "macijin").
- A cikin Taman, '*r' ya kara zama kamar n bayan *r (urar: Uranus).
Ci gaban ƙarshen ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa (-ʔ) na mafi yawan asalin da ba a bayyana ba.
- *-q > -ʔ, amma *-h > *-Z*-Sai
- Sauran abubuwan da suka faru ana zaton su ne daga asalin Proto-Malayo-Polynesian phoneme -ʔ.

Sautin sautin

*aya, aV > *a: (qi Daya > Embaloh ira:)
- A cikin Taman, wani lokacin ana nuna shi a matsayin ɛ: (Malay lain > lɛ:n).
<i id="mwcQ">*u an cire shi zuwa i kafin *u a cikin sashi mai zuwa (*tumpul > Ble "blunt").
*ay, *ey da *aw, *ew sun kasance mo a cikin e da o, bi da bi.
*-iq da *-uq sun zama -e da -o bi da bi.

Ƙungiyoyin Kalimantan na Yamma

Wasu ƙabilun Dayak masu magana da harshen Tamanic da yarensu a lardin Kalimantan na Yamma, Indonesia:

Kalmomin kirkire-kirkire na musamman a cikin dangin yaren Kudancin Sulawesi ko Buginese

Akwai kamanceceniya da yawa da harsunan Kudancin Sulawesi, misali:


	Proto-Malayo- Polynesia	Kudancin Kudancin Sulawesi	Buginese	Embaloh	Taman
hanci	*qijuŋ	*illoŋ	iŋəʔ	iŋar	iŋir
kai	*diʀi	*kal-aw-e	ale	kale	?
waje	*uda	*saliwAn	Saliwəŋ	gaisuwa	gaisuwa
hakora	*ipən	*isi	isi	isi	isi
Barci	*Tudu	*tindo	Tinro	tindoʔ	tindoʔ
farkawa	*baŋun	*səddiŋ	Shiga	asadiŋ	Sadin
sama; saman	* Ingantawa	*Babu	asəʔ	Aiki ne ya kasance	?
manta da shi	*lupa	-	Sai dai	Sauƙin	Sauƙin
duniya	-	*linlin	lilin	lilin	?
maraya	-	-	Buuli	Buuli	?
bakan gizo	-	-	Tarauʔ	tataraʔueʔ	?

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tama1334 |chapterurl= missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics. 56 (2): 435–490. doi:10.1353/ol.2017.0021. S2CID 149377092.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tama1334 |chapterurl= missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics. 56 (2): 435–490. doi:10.1353/ol.2017.0021. S2CID 149377092.

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