Harsunan Tanoan

Harsunan Tanoan
Harsunan Tanoan
Linguistic classification	abu; object (en) ; information content entity (en) ; language entity (en) ; languoid (en) ; language (en) ; human language (en) ; indigenous language (en) ; Indigenous languages of the Americas (en) ; Harsunan Tanoan; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Glottolog	kiow1265

Tanoan (/təˈnoʊ.ən/ tə-NOH-ən), kuma Kiowa-Tanoan ko Tanoan-Kiowa, iyali ne na harsuna da 'yan asalin ƙasar ke magana a New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, da Texas na yanzu.

Yawancin harsuna - Tiwa (Taos, Picuris, Southern Tiwa), Tewa, da Towa - ana magana da su a cikin 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka na New Mexico (tare da ɗaya a Arizona). Wadannan sune harsuna na farko da aka ba da sunan Tanoan. Kiowa, wanda harshe ne mai alaƙa, yanzu ana magana da shi galibi a kudu maso yammacin Oklahoma. Kiowa a tarihi sun zauna a yankunan Texas da Oklahoma na zamani.

6Harsuna

The Tanoan language family has seven languages in four branches:^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Kiowa-Towa na iya zama reshe na tsakiya, kamar yadda Tiwa-Tewa zai iya.

Sunan

Tanoan ya daɗe ana gane shi a matsayin babban dangin harsunan Pueblo, wanda ya ƙunshi Tiwa, Tewa, da Towa. Haɗakar da Kiowa cikin iyali da farko ya kasance mai kawo rigima saboda bambancin al'adu tsakanin waɗancan kungiyoyi. Mutanen Kiowa da suka kasance masu zaman kansu na Filayen sun bambanta da al'adun Tiwa, Tewa, da Towa pueblos, wanda ya rufe alaƙar harshe tsakanin Tanoan da Kiowans. Masana ilimin harshe yanzu sun yarda cewa dangin Tanoan ba tare da Kiowa ba zai zama paraphyletic, kamar yadda kowane kakannin harsunan Pueblo zai zama kakannin Kiowa. Kiowa na iya kasancewa kusa da Towa fiye da Towa zuwa Tiwa-Tewa. A cikin tsofaffin matani, an yi amfani da Tanoan da 'Kiowa-Tanoan'. Saboda amfani da al'adu na sunan Tanoan kamar yadda yake nuna mutane da yawa waɗanda ke da al'ada, ana amfani da kalmar Kiowa-Tanoan a bayyane yanzu don dangin harshe gaba ɗaya, tare da Tanoan shine reshe wanda ke ƙunshe da harsunan da ake magana yanzu a New Mexico da Arizona (watau Arizona Tewa).

Tarihin sauti

Shafin da ke ƙasa ya ƙunshi ƙididdigar yaren Tanoan kamar yadda Hale ya sake ginawa (1967) bisa ga takardun ƙididdiga a matsayi na farko.

Shaidar *ɡ ta fito ne daga prefixes; *ɡ ba a samo shi a matsayin farko ba don haka yana cikin parentheses a sama. Hale ya sake fasalin fasalin nasalization don wasula na hanci. Ingancin sautin da siffofin prosodic kamar tsawon sautin, sautin, da damuwa ba a sake gina su ba ga dangin Tanoan. Hale (1967) ya ba da wasu saiti na takaddun ingancin wasula

The following table illustrates the reconstructed initial consonants in Proto-Tanoan and its reflexes in the daughter languages.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span>]}

Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a cikin teburin da ke sama, yawancin Haɗuwa da sauti sun faru a cikin harsuna daban-daban. An jera rukunin cognate da ke tallafawa abubuwan da ke sama a ƙasa:

manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kiow1265 |chapterurl= missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kiow1265 |chapterurl= missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

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