Harsunan Uto-Aztecan
| Harsunan Uto-Aztecan | |
|---|---|
| Linguistic classification |
|
| ISO 639-5 | azc |
| Glottolog | utoa1243[1] |
Harsunan Uto-Aztecan, [lower-alpha 1] wanda kuma aka sani da harsunan Uto-Aztekan ko Uto-Nahuatl, [2] dangin harsunan 'yan asalin Amurka ne, waɗanda suka ƙunshi harsuna sama da talatin. Ana samun harsunan Uto-Aztecan kusan gaba ɗaya a Yammacin Amurka da Mexico . Sunan dangin harshen yana nuna asalin asalin harshen Ute na Utah da harsunan Nahuan (wanda kuma aka sani da Aztecan) na Mexico.
Iyalin harshen Uto-Aztecan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan iyalai masu harsuna a Amurka dangane da adadin masu magana, adadin harsuna, da faɗaɗa yanayin ƙasa. [3] Harshen Uto-Aztecan mafi arewa shine Shoshoni, wanda ake magana da shi har zuwa arewa kamar Salmon, Idaho, yayin da harshen kudu shine harshen Nawat na El Salvador da Nicaragua . [4] [5] [6] Ethnologue ya ba da jimlar adadin harsuna a cikin iyali a matsayin 61, kuma jimlar adadin masu magana a matsayin 1,900,412. [7] Masu magana da harsunan Nahuatl sun kai sama da kashi 85% na waɗannan.
Rarraba iyali a cikin gida sau da yawa yakan raba shi zuwa rassan biyu: reshen arewa wanda ya haɗa da dukkan harsunan Amurka da reshen kudu wanda ya haɗa da dukkan harsunan Mexico, kodayake har yanzu ana tattaunawa ko an fi fahimtar wannan a matsayin rarrabuwar kwayoyin halitta ko kuma a matsayin ta ƙasa. A ƙasa da wannan matakin rarrabuwa, manyan rassan sun yi karɓuwa sosai: Numic (gami da harsuna kamar Comanche da Shoshoni ) da harsunan California (wanda a da aka sani da ƙungiyar Takic, gami da Cahuilla da Luiseño ) sune suka fi yawa a cikin harsunan Arewa. Hopi da Tübatulabal harsuna ne da ba sa cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin. Harsunan Kudu sun kasu zuwa harsunan Tepiman (gami da Oʼodham da Tepehuán ), harsunan Tarahumaran (gami da Raramuri da Guarijio ), harsunan Cahitan (gami da Yaqui da Mayo ), harsunan Coracholan (gami da Cora da Huichol ), da harsunan Nahuan .
Asalin harsunan Uto-Aztecan galibi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka ko kuma wataƙila Arewa maso Yammacin Mexico. Wata ka'ida ta daban ta nuna yiwuwar cewa dangin harsunan sun samo asali ne daga kudancin Mexico, a cikin yankin yaren Mesoamerican, amma ba a ɗauka hakan a matsayin abin gamsarwa ba.
Yaɗuwar yanki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Harsunan Uto-Aztecan ana magana da su a cikin tsaunukan Arewacin Amurka da guraren da ke kusa da yammacin Amurka a cikin jihohin Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Utah, California, Nevada, da Arizona . A Mexico, ana magana da su a cikin jihohin Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Nayarit, Durango, Zacatecas, Jalisco, Michoacán, Guerrero, San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, Morelos, Jihar Mexico, da kuma cikin birnin Mexico . Nahuatl na gargajiya (harshen Aztec ) da danginsa na zamani, harsunan Nahuan, suna cikin dangin Uto-Aztecan. Harshen Nawat, yaren Nahuan, ya bazu zuwa Amurka ta tsakiya a cikin guguwar ƙaura a zamanin Pre-Columbian kuma yana da masu magana da yawa a wurin. Ya ƙare a Guatemala, Honduras, da Nicaragua kuma kusan ya ƙare a yammacin El Salvador, amma an sake farfaɗo da shi kwanan nan.
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/utoa1243
|chapterurl=missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. - ↑ "Nahuatl Family". SIL International. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ↑ Caballero 2011.
- ↑ Mc Callister, Rick (2013). "Nawat – and not Nahuatl. Central American Nawat and its flavors: Nawat pipil and Nawat nicarao". Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ Constenla Umaña, Adolfo (1994). "Las lenguas de la Gran Nicoya". 18–19. Museo Nacional de Costa Rica: 191–208. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ "Nicarao".
- ↑ Ethnologue (2014). "Summary by language family". SIL International. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
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