Hauwa'u Curie
Ève Curie Denise Labouisse (Faransa pronunciation: [ɛv dəniz kyʁi labwis]; Disamba 6, 1904 - Oktoba 22, 2007) ta kasance marubuciya ce ta Faransa da Amurka, 'yar jarida kuma pianist. Ève Curie ita ce ƙaramar 'yar Marie Skłodowska-Curie da Pierre Curie. 'Yar'uwarta ita ce Irène Joliot-Curie kuma surukinta Frédéric Joliot -Curie. Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida kuma ta rubuta tarihin mahaifiyarta Madam Curie da kuma littafin rahoto na yaki, Journey Among Warriors. Daga shekarun 1960 ta himmatu ga yin aiki ga UNICEF, tana ba da taimako ga yara da uwaye a kasashe masu tasowa. Ève ita ce kadai daga cikin iyalinta wacce ba ta zabi aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya ba kuma ba ta lashe kyautar Nobel ba, kodayake mijinta, Henry Richardson Labouisse Jr., ya karbi kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya a 1965 a madadin UNICEF, ta kammala gadon dangin Curie na masu lashe kyautar Nobel guda biyar.
Yaronta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Ève Denise Curie a birnin Paris, Faransa, a ranar 6 ga watan Disamba, 1904. Ita ce ƙaramar 'yar masana kimiyya Marie da Pierre Curie, waɗanda kuma suna da wata 'yar Irène (an haife ta a shekara ta 1897). Ève ba ta san mahaifinta ba, wanda ya mutu a 1906 a hatsari, wanda karusar doki ta buge shi. Bayan wannan hadarin, Marie Curie ta yarda da matsayin koyarwar mijinta a La Sorbonne . Surukinta, Dokta Eugène Curie, ya koma tare da iyalin lokacin da matarsa ta mutu, kuma ya kula da yara yayin da Pierre da Marie, sannan Marie kawai, suka tafi aiki. Lokacin da ya mutu a shekara ta 1910, Marie Curie ta kasance kadai don tayar da 'ya'yanta mata tare da taimakon masu kula da gida. Ève daga baya ta ce tun tana yarinya ta sha wahala daga rashin isasshen kulawa daga mahaifiyarta kuma daga baya, a lokacin da take matashiya, ta haɓaka kyakkyawar dangantaka da ita. Marie ta kula sosai da ilimi da ci gaban abubuwan da 'ya'yanta mata suke so. Irène ta bi sawun mahaifiyarta kuma ta zama fitacciyar masanin kimiyya (an ba ta kyautar Nobel a fannin ilmin sunadarai tare da mijinta Frédéric Joliot-Curie a 1935), yayin da Ève ta nuna karin sha'awar fasaha da wallafe-wallafen. Ko da a matsayin yarinya ta nuna takamaiman baiwa ga kiɗa.
Ko ta yaya yanayin, sun yi tafiya mai tsawo kuma sun hau keke. Sun tafi yin iyo a lokacin rani, kuma Marie tana da kayan wasan motsa jiki da aka shigar a lambun gidansu a Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine. Ève da Irène sun kuma koyi sutura, aikin lambu da dafa abinci.
Kodayake 'yan matan 'yan ƙasar Faransa ne (Ève daga baya ya zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka), kuma yarensu na farko Faransanci ne, sun saba da asalin su na Poland kuma suna magana da yaren Poland. A shekara ta 1911 sun ziyarci Poland (bangaren kudanci, wanda ke ƙarƙashin mulkin Austrian). A lokacin wannan ziyarar, sun hau dawakai kuma sun yi tafiya a cikin duwatsu.[1]
Matasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1921, Ève ta tashi a kan tafiyarta ta farko a fadin Tekun Atlantika: a wannan bazara, ta tashi tare da 'yar'uwarta da mahaifiyarta a cikin jirgin RMS <i id="mwOQ">Olympic</i> zuwa Birnin New York. Marie Curie, a matsayin mai lashe kyautar Nobel sau biyu, wanda ya gano radium da polonium, an maraba da ita a can tare da bikin da ya dace; 'ya'yanta mata ma sun shahara sosai tare da manyan al'ummomin Amurka. Mai haske a jam'iyyun kuma mai farin ciki, 'yan jarida sun kira Ève "yarinyar da ke da idanu masu haske". A lokacin tafiyar Ève da Irène sun kuma yi aiki a matsayin "masu tsaron" mahaifiyarsu - Marie, yawanci tana mai da hankali kan aikin bincike kuma ta fi son rayuwa mai sauƙi, ba koyaushe tana jin daɗi da fuskantar girmamawa da aka ba ta ba. Yayinda suke Amurka, Marie, Irène da Ève sun sadu da Shugaba Warren G. Harding a Washington, DC, sun ga Niagara Falls kuma sun tafi jirgin kasa don ganin Grand Canyon. Sun koma Paris a watan Yunin 1921.
Ève, kamar 'yar'uwarta Irène, ta kammala karatu daga Collège Sévigné, makarantar sakandare mai zaman kanta a birnin Paris, inda ta sami digiri na farko a shekarar 1925. A halin yanzu, ta kuma inganta ƙwarewarta ta piano kuma ta ba da kide-kide na farko a Paris a 1925. Daga baya, ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a kan mataki sau da yawa, tana ba da kide-kide a babban birnin Faransa, a larduna da Belgium.
Bayan Irène ta auri Frédéric Joliot a 1926, Ève ta zauna tare da mahaifiyarta a Paris, tana kula da ita kuma tana tare da ita a tafiye-tafiye a ko'ina cikin Faransa, Italiya, Belgium, da Switzerland. A cikin 1932, sun kuma bi Shugaban Czechoslovakia, Tomáš Masaryk, a kan tafiyarsa zuwa Spain.
Kodayake tana ƙaunar mahaifiyarta, Ève tana da halin da ya bambanta da ita (da kuma 'yar'uwarta Irène). Ba ta da sha'awar kimiyya, ta fi son ilimin ɗan adam. Ba kamar mahaifiyarta ba, koyaushe tana sha'awar rayuwa mai kyau. Ganin cewa Marie yawanci tana sanye da riguna masu sauƙi, baƙar fata, Ève koyaushe tana kula da tufafi masu kyau, tana sanye le takalma masu tsayi da kayan shafawa, kuma tana son haskakawa a jam'iyyun. Koyaya, duka Ève da Irène sun kula da mahaifiyarsu da ibada har zuwa mutuwarta. Marie, mai fama da rashin lafiya, mai yiwuwa ya haifar da bayyanarta ta dogon lokaci ga radiation, ta mutu a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1934.
Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan mutuwar Marie Curie, Ève ta rubuta tarihin mahaifiyarta. Ta janye daga rayuwar jama'a na ɗan lokaci kuma ta koma wani ƙaramin gida a Auteuil, Yvelines, inda ta tattara kuma ta tsara takardu da wasiƙu. A cikin kaka na 1935, ta ziyarci iyalinta a Poland, tana neman bayani game da yarinta da ƙuruciya. An buga tarihin rayuwar, Madam Curie, a lokaci guda a Faransa, Burtaniya, Italiya, Spain, Amurka da sauran ƙasashe a cikin 1937.[2]
Madam Curie ta shahara nan take kuma ta zama mafi kyawun sayarwa a ƙasashe da yawa ciki har da Amurka. A cikin Amurka ta lashe lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara ta uku ta National Book Award for Non-Fiction da kungiyar masu sayar da littattafai ta Amurka ta zaba.[3] Akwai gyare-gyaren fim a cikin 1943 ta Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, tare da Greer Garson a cikin rawar da take takawa.
Ève ta kara shiga cikin aikin wallafe-wallafen da aikin jarida. Baya ga tarihin mahaifiyarta, ta wallafa bita na kiɗa a cikin Candide mako-mako da labarai game da gidan wasan kwaikwayo, kiɗa, da fim a wasu jaridu na Paris.[1]
Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a 1939, marubuci da marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Jean Giraudoux, wanda ya zama Kwamishinan Bayanai na Faransa (Commissaire général à l'information) a wannan shekarar, ya nada Ève Curie shugaban ƙungiyar mata a ofishinsa. Bayan da Jamus ta mamaye Faransa, Ève ta bar Paris a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 1940, kuma bayan da Faransa ta mika wuya, ta gudu tare da wasu 'yan gudun hijira zuwa Ingila a cikin jirgin da ya cika da mutane, wanda jirgin saman Jamus ya kashe. A can ta shiga Free French Forces na Janar Charles de Gaulle kuma ta fara gwagwarmayarta da Nazism, wanda ya haifar da gwamnatin Vichy ta hana ta zama 'yar ƙasar Faransa kuma ta kwace dukiyarta a 1941.
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Ève Curie ta shafe mafi yawan shekarun yaƙi a Burtaniya, inda ta sadu da Winston Churchill, da Amurka, inda ta ba da laccoci kuma ta rubuta labarai ga jaridu na Amurka (yawanci New York Herald Tribune). A shekara ta 1940 ta sadu da Eleanor Roosevelt a Fadar White House . Wannan ziyarar ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta, daga baya ta ba da jerin laccoci kan "Mata na Faransa da Yaƙi"; a watan Mayu 1940 The Atlantic Monthly ta buga rubutun ta a ƙarƙashin wannan taken.
Daga Nuwamba 1941 zuwa Afrilu 1942, Ève Curie ta yi tafiya a matsayin wakilin yaki zuwa Afirka, Tarayyar Soviet da Asiya, inda ta ga hare-haren Burtaniya a Misira da Libya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1941 da kuma hare-harar Soviet a Moscow a watan Janairun shekara ta 1942. A lokacin wannan tafiya ta sadu da Shah na Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, shugaban Free China, Chiang Kai-shek, yana yaƙi da Jafananci, da Mahatma Gandhi. Sau da yawa ta sami damar saduwa da 'yan uwanta, Sojojin Poland, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi a gefen Burtaniya ko kuma suka shirya Sojojin Poland a Tarayyar Soviet.
Rahotanni na Curie daga wannan tafiya an buga su a cikin jaridu na Amurka, kuma a cikin 1943 an tattara su a cikin littafin Journey Among Warriors, wanda aka zaba don Kyautar Pulitzer don Rubuce-rubuce a cikin 1944 (daga ƙarshe ya rasa Ernie Pyle).[1] Wani labarin a cikin fitowar kaka ta 1943 na The Russian Review ya soki littafin Curie. Mai bita, Michael Karpovich, ya yaba da yadda take rubutawa game da mutanen da ta sadu da su kuma ta yi hira da su a Tarayyar Soviet. Koyaya, Karpovich ta ji cewa Curie ba ta nuna ainihin mutanen Rasha da ta bayyana ba. A cikin Journey Among Warriors ta rubuta game da tattaunawarta da wani bishop na Orthodox na Girka, sanannen dan wasan rawa, janar na Red Army, ma'aikatan masana'antu, shugabannin Kwaminisanci na gida, da masana kimiyya. Karpovich ta yi tunanin cewa farin cikin Curie ya karkatar da hukunci da hangen nesa, a cikin littafinta.
Bayan ta dawo Turai, Ève Curie ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sa kai a cikin ƙungiyar likitocin mata ta Free French a lokacin Yakin Italiya, inda aka inganta ta zuwa matsayin mataimaki a cikin Faransanci na 1st Armored Division. A watan Agustan shekara ta 1944 ta shiga cikin saukowa tare da dakarunta a Provence a kudancin Faransa. An yi mata ado da Croix de guerre saboda ayyukanta.
Bayan yakin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan 'yancin Faransa, Ève Curie ta fara aiki a matsayin co-editor na jaridar yau da kullun Paris-Presse daga 1944 zuwa 1949, amma kuma tana aiki a fagen siyasa. Misali, ita ce ke da alhakin al'amuran mata a gwamnatin de Gaulle, kuma a cikin 1948 tare da wasu fitattun masu ilimi na Turai, ta yi kira ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don amincewa da jihar Isra'ila. A cikin shekarun 1952-1954, ta kasance mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Hastings Lionel Ismay, Sakatare Janar na farko na NATO. A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 1954 ta auri ɗan siyasan Amurka kuma diflomasiyya Henry Richardson Labouisse Jr., wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Amurka a Girka daga 1962 zuwa 1965. Ève Curie ta zama 'yar ƙasar Amurka a shekara ta 1958.
Aiki ga UNICEF
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1965, mijin Ève ya bar aikinsa a gwamnatin Amurka lokacin da Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya U Thant ya ba shi matsayin babban darakta na Asusun Yara na Majalisar Dattijai UNICEF . Labouisse ya rike wannan mukamin har zuwa 1979, tare da goyon bayan matarsa, wacce ita ma ta yi aiki a kungiyar kuma ana kiranta "Uwargidan Shugaban UNICEF". Tare, sun ziyarci kasashe sama da 100, galibi a cikin Duniya ta Uku, waɗanda suka amfana da taimakon UNICEF. A shekara ta 1965, Labouisse, tare da matarsa, sun karbi Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya, wanda aka ba kungiyarsa.
Bayan rasuwar mijinta a 1987, Ève ta zauna a Birnin New York. Ba ta da 'ya'ya daga aurenta da Henry Labouisse, amma tana da 'yarta, Anne Peretz (ɗan Labouisse kaɗai, wanda aka haifa daga aurensa na farko), kuma duk yaran Anne Peretz sun dauke ta kakansu kuma 'ya'yansu sun dauke ta kakan su.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 "Ève Curie's biography". Answers.com. Retrieved March 7, 2010. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Answers" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ "Madame Curie : Eve Curie : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming". Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Booksellers Give Prize to 'Citadel': Cronin's Work About Doctors Their Favorite ...", The New York Times 1938-03-02, page 14. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851–2007).