Hayganuş Mark

 

Hayganuş Mark
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Հայկանուշ Թոփուզեան
Haihuwa	Ayaspaşa (en) , 14 ga Faburairu, 1885
ƙasa	Daular Usmaniyya Turkiyya
Mazauni	Istanbul Izmir
Mutuwa	Istanbul, 7 ga Maris, 1966
Makwanci	Şişli Armenian Cemetery (en)
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Vahan Toshikyan (en)
Karatu
Makaranta	Esayan Armenian School (en)
Harsuna	Armenian (en) Turkanci
Malamai	Q16387590
Sana'a
Sana'a	marubuci, public figure (en) , dan jarida mai ra'ayin kansa, maiwaƙe da prose writer (en)
Employers	Dzaghig (en) Q16371356
Imani
Addini	Armenian Apostolic Church (en)

Hayganuş Mark (Armenian; 1884-1966) marubuci ne na maza a kasar Armenia, mawaki ne, kuma ɗan jarida mai ra'ayi, mai ba da shawara kuma mutum ne na jama'a.

Rayuwa ta farko

Daga zuriyar Armeniya, an haifi Hayganuş Mark a Constantinople a shekara ta 1884. Mahaifinta shi ne MAR Topuzyan, bawa ne daga Van an haife shi a 1850 ko 1851 (AR 1266), kuma mahaifiyarta Yebrakse, an haife ta a Constantinople a 1853 ko 1854 (AR 1269). Ta karɓi sunan iyali "Mark", ɗan gajeren nau'in "Markar," biyo bayan aiwatar da Dokar Sunayen a Turkiyya a cikin 1934.

Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare da Sakandare ta Esayan . Ta dauki darussan Harshen Armeniya na tsawon shekaru biyar daga masanin harshe Hagop Kurken, wanda ta ja hankalin a lokacin da ta kammala karatun sakandare. Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar malama a gidan marayu na Asibitin Armeniya na Yedikule na tsawon shekaru hudu.

Ayyuka

An buga labarinta na farko a cikin Manzûme-i Efkâr, wata jaridar Armeno-Turkish. Saboda wannan labarin, ta sami tayin aiki daga jaridu kamar Pürag, Hanrakidag, Püzantion da Panaser. Ba ta ma da shekaru ashirin lokacin da aka ba ta matsayi na biyu a gasar waka da jaridar Masis ta shirya.

A cikin 1905, Mark ya fara shirya mujallar mata ta Armeniya Dzaghig ("Flower") da ke Constantinople. A wannan lokacin, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga mujallar galibi maza ne saboda ƙarancin marubuta mata. Marubutan maza a cikin Dzaghig na lokaci-lokaci sun yi amfani da sunayen alkalami na mata. Da yake ta san ƙungiyoyin mata a Faransa, tana son mata ne kawai da mata su buga mujallar. A halin yanzu, ta auri Vahan Toshigyan, darektan edita na Manzûme-i Efkâr, kuma ta bar aikinta a gidan marayu. An ci gaba da buga jaridar har tsawon shekaru biyu, amma ta ƙare lokacin da Mark ya koma tare da mijinta zuwa Smyrna. A can, ta rubuta kan batutuwan mata a mujallu na gida kamar Arşaluys ("Dawn") da Arevelk ("Orient").

A cikin 1909, ma'auratan sun koma Constantinople. Mark ya zama shugaban Hukumar Littattafai ta "Ƙungiyar Mata ta Armeniya ta Ƙasa" da aka kafa kwanan nan. Ta shirya don buɗe makarantun Armeniya a lardin da kuma samar da ilimin 'yan mata. A sakamakon wadannan kokarin, yawan makarantun Armeniya a Anatolia ya karu zuwa 32.

A cikin 1919, ta fara buga mujallar mata ta mako-mako Hay Gin (Armenian: Հայ Կին, "Armenian Woman"). A wannan lokacin, bambancin halinta shine cewa ba kawai mata ba amma maza da mata ya kamata su shiga cikin bugawa na lokaci. Ta bar ra'ayinta na raba maza da mata. Ba ta taɓa barin 'yancin kai ba tana cewa "idan mujallar Armenian Woman za ta rayu a ƙarƙashin tutar, wannan zai iya zama tutar mace kawai".

A cikin shekara ta 1923, Muhittin Üstündağ, mataimakin Istanbul, ya ce a cikin wani taro na "Kungiyar Mata ta Turkiyya" cewa "babu daidaito tsakanin jinsi saboda ba a shiga mata ba". Duk da yake babu wanda ya amsa wannan, Mark ya soki shi sosai a cikin Hilal-ı Ahmer ("Red Crescent") na yau da kullun tare da kalmomin "mahaifiyar sun rasa rayukansu yayin haihuwa, kuma mata suna aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a fagen yaƙi".

Jaridar ta ci gaba da bayyana shekaru 13 har zuwa 1932, lokacin da gwamnatin Turkiyya ta rufe shi. An lura cewa an tilasta wa takarda rufe saboda an zarge ta da tallafawa "maƙiyan Turks" don goyon bayanta ga Allies a lokacin bayan yakin duniya na farko.

Mata

Markus ya yi adawa da "mata su zama namiji da sunan 'yanci". Ta ce "masu dole ne su yi aiki kuma su sami 'yancin tattalin arziƙi", ta kara da cewa "a yin wannan, babu buƙatar kasancewa a shirye don zama marasa tausayi, don hallaka". A cewarta "ƙaunar tana cikin tunani". Ta nuna cewa "tsarin ilimi an shirya shi ne daga hangen nesa na namiji", kuma ta bayyana cewa "haɗin mata a matakin shirye-shiryen karatun yana da mahimmanci". Mark ya ce "maza da mata sun bambanta kuma sun yi daidai", ya kara da cewa "mata dole ne su yi ikirarin bambance-bambance don kansu da kuma bil'adama".

Mutuwa

Hayganuş Mark ya mutu yana da shekaru 81 a asibitin Yedikule Armenian a shekarar 1966. A kan gadon mutuwa, ta ce wa aboki "Rubuta! Kullum rubuta wa ƙasar, al'umma da bil'adama kuma ku yi farin ciki da su!".

An binne ta a Kabari na Şişli Armenian a Istanbul . A kan dutsensa, an rubuta taken mujallarta "Hay Gin".