Helen Clark
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Helen Elizabeth Clark ONZ SSI PC (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1950) 'yar siyasar New Zealand ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na 37 na New Zealand daga 1999 zuwa 2008 kuma ta kasance mai gudanarwa na Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga 2009 zuwa 2017. Ita ce Firayim Minista na biyar mafi tsawo a New Zealand, kuma mace ta biyu da ta rike wannan mukamin.[1]
An haifi Clark a wani gona a wajen Hamilton. Ta shiga Auckland" id="mwGQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="University of Auckland">Jami'ar Auckland a shekarar 1968 don nazarin siyasa kuma ta zama mai aiki a cikin Jam'iyyar Labour Party ta New Zealand . Bayan kammala karatunta ta koyar da karatun siyasa a jami'ar. Clark ya shiga siyasa a cikin gida a 1974 a Auckland amma ba a zabe shi zuwa kowane matsayi ba. Bayan wani yunkuri mara nasara, an zabe ta a majalisar a 1981 a matsayin memba na Mount Albert, mai jefa kuri'a da ta wakilta har zuwa 2009.
Clark ya rike mukamai da yawa a cikin Gwamnatin Labour ta huɗu, gami da Ministan gidaje, ministan lafiya da Ministan kiyayewa. Ta kasance mataimakiyar Firayim Minista ta 11 ta New Zealand daga 1989 zuwa 1990 tana aiki a karkashin Firayim Ministocin Geoffrey Palmer da Mike Moore . Bayan da aka ci Labour a zaben 1993, Clark ya kalubalanci Moore don jagorancin jam'iyyar kuma ya ci nasara, ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar adawa. Bayan zaben 1999, Labour ta kafa hadin gwiwa mai mulki, kuma an rantsar da Clark a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 10 ga Disamba 1999. [2]
Clark ya jagoranci Gwamnatin Labour ta Biyar, wacce ta aiwatar da manyan shirye-shiryen tattalin arziki da yawa ciki har da Kiwibank, Asusun Superannuation na New Zealand, Tsarin Cinikin Ruwa na New Zealand da KiwiSaver. Gwamnatinta ta kuma gabatar da Dokar Foreshore da Seabed Act 2004, wanda ya haifar da babbar gardama. A harkokin kasashen waje, Clark ya aika da sojoji zuwa Yaƙin Afghanistan, amma bai ba da gudummawar sojoji ga Yaƙin Iraki ba, kuma ya ba da umarnin turawa zuwa Rikicin Timor ta Gabas na 2006. Forbes ta sanya ta a matsayin mace ta 20 mafi iko a duniya a shekara ta 2006. [3] Ta ba da shawarar yarjejeniyar cinikayya ta kyauta tare da manyan abokan ciniki, gami da zama ƙasa ta farko da ta ci gaba da sanya hannu kan irin wannan yarjejeniya tare da China. Bayan nasarar zabe uku a jere, an kayar da gwamnatinta a zaben 2008; Clark ta yi murabus a matsayin Firayim Minista da shugaban jam'iyya a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2008. John Key na jam'iyyar National Party ne ya gaje ta a matsayin Firayim Minista, kuma Phil Goff ne ya gaishe ta a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Labour.
Clark ta yi murabus daga majalisa a watan Afrilun 2009 don zama mace ta farko da ke jagorantar Shirin Ci gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP). A shekara ta 2016, ta tsaya a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, amma ba ta yi nasara ba.[1] Ta bar mukamin mai gudanarwa na UNDP a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2017 a ƙarshen wa'adin shekaru huɗu na biyu kuma Achim Steiner ya gaje ta. [2][3] A cikin 2019, Clark ya zama mai kula da Gidauniyar Helen Clark.
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Clark ita ce babba cikin 'ya'ya mata huɗu na iyalin manoma a Te Pahu, yammacin Hamilton, a cikin Waikato . [4] Mahaifiyarta, Margaret McMurray, 'yar asalin Irish, malamar makarantar firamare ce. Mahaifinta, Frederick George Clark, wanda ya tafi da sunan George, an haife shi a Frankton a 1922 kuma ya gudanar da gonar Clarks daga farkon balaga zuwa ritaya a 1987, lokacin da dattijo Clarks ya yi ritaya zuwa Waihi Beach. Margaret Clark ta mutu a shekarar 2017 tana da shekaru 87. George Clark ya mutu a shekara ta 2025 yana da shekaru 103.[5]
Clark ta yi karatu a makarantar firamare ta Te Pahu, a makarantar Epsom Girls' Grammar School a Auckland da kuma Jami'ar Auckland, inda ta yi karatu da siyasa kuma ta kammala karatu tare da MA (Honours) a shekara ta 1974. Rubutun ta ya mayar da hankali kan halayyar siyasa da wakilci na yankunan karkara. [6] [7] Yayinda yake matashi Clark ya zama mai aiki a siyasa, yana nuna rashin amincewa da Yaƙin Vietnam da kuma kamfen akan sansanonin soja na kasashen waje a New Zealand.[7]
Clark ta yi aiki sosai a cikin Jam'iyyar Labour Party ta New Zealand a mafi yawan rayuwarta. A shekara ta 1971 ta taimaka wa 'yan takarar Labour a Majalisar Birnin Auckland, uku daga cikinsu an zabe su. Bayan wannan, ta tsaya a Majalisar Birnin Auckland kanta a 1974 da 1977 . Duk da yake yawanci tana jefa kuri'a da kyau, ba ta taba samun kujerar ba, ta rasa kuri'u 105 kawai a cikin karshen.[8]
Clark ya kasance ƙaramin malami a cikin karatun siyasa a Jami'ar Auckland daga 1973 zuwa 1975.[7] A shekara ta 1974 ta nemi gabatarwa ga masu jefa kuri'a na Auckland ta Tsakiya, amma ta sha kashi a hannun Richard Prebble . A maimakon haka ta tsaya ga Piako, wurin zama mai aminci na kasa.[9] Clark ta yi karatu a kasashen waje a kan kwamitin bayar da gudummawa na jami'a a shekara ta 1976, sannan ta sake ba da lacca a karatun siyasa a Auckland yayin da take gudanar da PhD (wanda ba ta kammala ba) daga 1977 har zuwa zaben ta a majalisar a 1981. Mahaifinta ya goyi bayan Jam'iyyar National a wannan zaben.[10]
Clark ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na Labour daga 1978 har zuwa Satumba 1988, kuma daga Afrilu 1989. Ta shugabanci reshen Jami'ar Auckland Princes Street na Jam'iyyar Labour a lokacin karatunta, ta zama mai aiki tare da 'yan siyasa na Labour na gaba ciki har da Richard Prebble, David Caygill, Margaret Wilson da Richard Northey . Clark ta rike mukamin shugaban kwamitin matasa na Labour, memba na zartarwa na majalisar yanki ta Auckland ta jam'iyyar, sakataren kwamitin mata na Labour kuma memba na kwamitin manufofi.[undefined] A shekara ta 1980 ta tsaya a matsayin dan takara don matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa. Koyaya, a rana ta biyu ta taron jam'iyyar, ta janye takarar ta, ta ba da damar zabar sakataren ƙungiyar Dan Duggan ba tare da hamayya ba.[1]
Clark represented the New Zealand Labour Party at the congresses of the Socialist International and of the Socialist International Women in 1976, 1978, 1983 and 1986,[7] at an Asia-Pacific Socialist Organisation Conference held in Sydney in 1981, and at the Socialist International Party Leaders' Meeting in Sydney in 1991.[ana buƙatar hujja]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tarihin zaben Helen Clark
- Jerin masu karɓar Kyautar Makomar Nukiliya
- Siyasa ta New Zealand
- Jerin shugabannin gwamnati da suka ziyarci Kudancin Pole
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Helen Clark". New Zealand history online. 20 November 2010. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Eyley & Salmon 2015.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "1News-2025". - ↑ "New Zealand Executive – Helen Clark". Archived from the original on 18 June 2006. Retrieved 30 June 2006.
- 1 2 3 4 East & Thomas 2003.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Declaration of Result of Election". - ↑ "Helen Clark's Valedictory Speech". New Zealand Parliament. 8 April 2009. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)