Helen Megaw
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Rayuwa | |
Haihuwa | Dublin, 1 ga Yuni, 1907 |
Mutuwa |
Ballycastle (en) ![]() |
Ƴan uwa | |
Mahaifi | Robert Megaw |
Karatu | |
Makaranta |
Girton College (en) ![]() University of Cambridge (mul) ![]() |
Thesis director |
John Desmond Bernal (mul) ![]() |
Harsuna | Turanci |
Sana'a | |
Sana'a |
chemist (en) ![]() ![]() |
Employers |
University of London (en) ![]() |
Kyaututtuka |
gani
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Helen Dick Megaw (1 Yuni 1907 - 26 Fabrairu 2002) [1] ta kasance X-ray crystallography">mai rubutun kirista na Irish wanda ya kasance majagaba a cikin X-ray crystallography . [2] Ta yi ma'auni na girman tantanin halitta na kankara kuma ta kafa tsarin lu'ulu'u na Perovskite.
Ilimi da aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Megaw a Dublin ga malamin lissafi Annie McElderry (1874-1968) da alƙali Robert Megaw, masu digiri biyu na Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast waɗanda dukansu sun fito ne daga Ballymoney, Antrim . [3] Ta yi karatu da farko a Kwalejin Alexandra a Dublin, sannan a takaice a Kwalejiyar Methodist a Belfast bayan iyalin (ciki har da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa John, daga baya babban alƙali) suka koma can a 1921, kuma a ƙarshe a Makarantar Roedean a Ingila. Yayinda yake a makaranta, Megaw ya karanta Bragg's X-rays da Crystal Structure . [2] Ta yi shekara guda a Jami'ar Sarauniya, Belfast kafin ta koma Kwalejin Girton, Cambridge don karatun Kimiyya ta Halitta a 1926.[2] Ta kammala karatu a 1930 kuma ta kasance daliba ce mai bincike a cikin crystallography a karkashin J. D. Bernal . [2] Kwarewar farko ta Megaw ita ce tsarin kankara, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta PhD a 1934, kuma Girton ta ba ta kyautar binciken Hertha Ayrton wanda ta yi amfani da ita don karatu a Vienna a 1934-1935 a ƙarƙashin Hermann Francis Mark . A cikin 1935 Megaw ya buga tare da Bernal wata hanya mai tasiri don gyara matsayin kwayar hydrogen da aka sani da samfurin Bernal-Megaw . [2] Ta shafe shekara ta 1935-1936 a Oxford tare da Francis Simon sannan ta shafe shekaru da yawa a matsayin malami a makaranta kafin ta zama mai rubutun masana'antu tare da Philips Lamps a London a 1943.[2] Ta hanyar aiki a Philips a kan titanate na barium ne Megaw ta fara aiki a kan tsarin lu'ulu'u na perovskite, wanda ta kafa kanta a matsayin sanannen masani.[2] A shekara ta 1945 Megaw ya koma aiki tare da Bernal, yanzu a Kwalejin Birkbeck a Landan, na shekara guda kafin ya dauki matsayi a Laboratory na Cavendish a Cambridge. Ta zama Fellow da Darakta na Nazarin a Girton . Megaw ta yi ritaya a 1972 kuma ta raba lokacinta tsakanin Cambridge da Ballycastle, County Antrim, inda ta mutu a shekara ta 2002.[2]
Littafinta na farko, Ferroelectricity in Crystals, an buga shi a shekara ta 1957. [2] Littafin na biyu, Crystal Structures: a Working Approach, ya biyo baya a 1973.
Bayan tattaunawa da Mark Hartland Thomas a cikin 1949 (babban jami'in masana'antu na Majalisar Masana'antu), an nada Megaw a matsayin mai ba da shawara na kimiyya ga Ƙungiyar Bikin Bikin Burtaniya, 1951. Ta zama babbar mai motsa kimiyya a cikin rukuni wanda ya sanya hotuna na crystallographic a hannun masu zanen masana'antu don su yi amfani da su a cikin samfuran da aka nuna a bikin kuma a wasu lokuta bayan haka. A cikin 2019, an nuna wasu samfurori na masana'anta na Megaw a Gidan Tarihin Kimiyya, London a matsayin wani ɓangare na nune-nunen "The Art of Innovation" wanda ya bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin fasaha da kimiyya.
Kyauta da girmamawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don nuna godiya ga aikinta wajen tantance tsarin lu'ulu'u na kankara, an sanya mata suna Tsibirin Megaw a Kudancin Tekun.[4] Megawite (CaSnO3), ma'adinai na rukuni na perovskite, an kuma sanya masa suna.[5]
A shekara ta 1976, Megaw ya ba da tarin samfuran masana'antu daga Bikin Burtaniya tare da littafin jagora na tunawa ga Gidan Tarihin Kimiyya a London.
A shekara ta 1989, Megaw ta zama mace ta farko da ta karbi lambar yabo ta Roebling na Mineralogical Society of America . Tana da digirin digirin girmamawa daga Jami'o'in Cambridge da Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast . [2]
Bayanan littattafai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ A. M. Glazer, "Megaw, Helen Dick (1907–2002)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/76773
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 "Helen Dick Megaw (1907 - 2002): Mineralogist". The Dictionary of Ulster Biography. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
- ↑ Glazer, Mike (2021). "Helen D. Megaw (1907–2002) and Her Contributions to Ferroelectrics". IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control. 68 (2): 334–338. doi:10.1109/TUFFC.2020.3035268. ISSN 0885-3010.
- ↑ "Helen Megaw at the Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics site". Archived from the original on October 6, 2016.
- ↑ Galuskin, E. V.; Galuskina, I. O.; Gazeev, V. M.; Dzierżanowski, P.; Prusik, K.; Pertsev, N. N.; Zadov, A. E.; Bailau, R.; Gurbanov, A. G. (October 2011). "Megawite, CaSnO3: a new perovskite-group mineral from skarns of the Upper Chegem caldera, Kabardino-Balkaria, Northern Caucasus, Russia". Mineralogical Magazine. 75 (5): 2563–2572. Bibcode:2011MinM...75.2563G. doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.5.2563. S2CID 130003129.
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