Henning von Tresckow

Henning Hermann Karl Robert von Tresckow ( [ˈhɛ.nɪŋ fɔn ˈtʁeːs.koː] i; 10 ga Janairu 1901 - 21 ga Yulin 1944) ya kasance jami'in soja na Jamus tare da matsayi na babban janar a cikin Sojojin Jamus wanda ya taimaka wajen shirya juriyar Jamus a kan Adolf Hitler . Ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe Hitler a ranar 13 ga Maris 1943 kuma ya tsara Shirin Valkyrie don juyin mulki a kan gwamnatin Jamus. Gestapo ta bayyana shi a matsayin "babban mai motsawa" a bayan makircin 20 ga Yuli 1944 don kashe Hitler. Ya kashe kansa a Królowy Most a Gabashin Gabas bayan ya san gazawar makircin.dedede

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Tresckow a Magdeburg a cikin dangi mai daraja daga yankin Brandenburg na Prussia tare da shekaru 300 na al'adar soja wanda ya ba Sojojin Prussia janar 21. Mahaifinsa, Leopold Hans Heinrich Eugen Hermann von Tresckow, daga baya janar na sojan doki, ya kasance a lokacin da aka naɗa Kaiser Wilhelm I a matsayin sarki na sabuwar Daular Jamus a Versailles a 1871. Mahaifiyarsa, Marie-Agnes, ita ce ƙaramar 'yar Count Robert von Zedlitz-Trützschler, Ministan Ilimi na Prussia.

Ya sami mafi yawan karatunsa na farko daga masu koyarwa a yankin karkara na danginsa; daga 1913 zuwa 1917, ya kasance dalibi a dakin motsa jiki a garin Goslar . Ya shiga 1st Regiment of Foot Guards a matsayin jami'in cadet mai shekaru 16 kuma ya zama ƙarami a cikin Sojoji a watan Yunin 1918. A Yaƙin Marne na Biyu, ya sami Iron Cross na aji na 2 don ƙarfin hali mai ban mamaki da kuma aikin kai tsaye a kan abokan gaba. A wannan lokacin Count Siegfried von Eulenberg, kwamandan 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, ya yi hasashen cewa "Kai, Tresckow, za ku zama shugaban Janar Staff ko ku mutu a kan scaffold a matsayin ɗan tawaye".

Ayyuka

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Matashi Henning von Tresckow

Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na I, Tresckow ya zauna tare da sanannen Rundunar Sojoji ta 9 Potsdam kuma ya shiga cikin murkushewar ƙungiyar Spartacist a watan Janairun 1919, amma ya yi murabus daga Sojojin Weimar Republic Reichswehr a 1920 don nazarin doka da tattalin arziki. Ya yi aiki a gidan banki kuma ya fara tafiya ta duniya ya ziyarci Burtaniya, Faransa, Brazil da gabashin Amurka a 1924 kafin ya bar shi don kula da dukiyar iyali a gida. Kamar membobin manyan iyalai na Prussian, Tresckow ya yi aure a cikin wani iyali tare da al'adun soja na dogon lokaci. A shekara ta 1926, ya auri Erich von Falkenhayn, 'yar Erich von Falkenayn, shugaban Janar Janar daga shekara ta 1914 zuwa 1916, kuma ya koma aikin soja, wanda Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg ya tallafa masa. Duk da haka, bai kasance jami'in Prussian ba. Ya sa tufafinsa ne kawai lokacin da ake buƙata kuma ba ya son tsarin rayuwar soja.[1] Yana son karanta Rainer Maria Rilke, kuma yana magana da harsuna da yawa, ciki har da Turanci da Faransanci.[2]

A cikin 1934, Tresckow ya fara horo na Janar Staff a Kwalejin Yaƙi kuma ya kammala karatu a matsayin mafi kyawun aji na 1936. An sanya shi a Sashen Janar na 1 (Ayyuka), inda ya yi aiki tare da Janar Ludwig Beck, Werner von Fritsch, Adolf Heusinger da Erich von Manstein .

Daga baya a cikin 1939 kuma zuwa 1940, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in ma'aikata na biyu na Rundunar Sojoji A a karkashin Gerd von Rundstedt da Erich von Manstein, wanda ya ƙare a mamaye Faransa a cikin bazara na 1940. Tresckow ya taka rawar gani wajen karɓar Shirin Manstein, wanda ya kasance mai nasara a yakin Faransa. Tsohon abokin tarayya na Tresckow Rudolf Schmundt shine babban mataimakin soja na Hitler, kuma ta hanyar tashar Tresckow-Schmundt ne shirin Manstein, bayan da Babban Kwamandan Sojoji ya ƙi shi, ya jawo hankalin Hitler. An kuma ce ya yi aiki a kan bunkasa shirin Manstein kanta a matsayin mataimakin Günther Blumentritt. Bayan faduwar Faransa, bai raba farin ciki da ya mamaye Jamus ba kuma ya kawo Hitler zuwa saman shahararsa. A watan Oktoba, ya ce a Paris ga wani sakatare (matar Alfred Jodl ta gaba), "Idan Churchill zai iya sa Amurka ta shiga cikin yaki, za mu sannu a hankali amma tabbas za mu murkushe ta hanyar fifiko. Mafi yawan abin da za a bar mana a lokacin zai zama Electorate na Brandenburg, kuma zan zama shugaban masu tsaron fadar. "

Daga 1941 zuwa 1943, ya yi aiki a karkashin Field Marshal Fedor von Bock, dan uwan matarsa, kuma daga baya Field Marshal Günther von Kluge a matsayin babban jami'in ayyukan Cibiyar Rundunar Sojojin Jamus a Operation Barbarossa, mamayewar Tarayyar Soviet. Daga baya, a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba 1943, ya yi aiki a yaƙi a matsayin kwamandan jami'in Grenadier Regiment 442, yana kare yammacin Kogin Dnieper a Ukraine. Daga Disamba 1943 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1944, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban hafsan Sojoji na 2.

Sakamakon ji

A matsayinsa na Babban Ma'aikacin Sojoji na 2, Tresckow ya sanya hannu kan umarni a ranar 28 ga Yuni 1944 yana aiwatar da wani shiri da Himmler ya yi, don sace yaran Poland da Ukrainian da ba su da wani a cikin abin da ake kira Heuaktion (Hay Action). Tsakanin yara 40,000 da 50,000 na Poland da Ukrainian masu shekaru 10 zuwa 14 an sace su don shirin tilasta aiki na Nazi Jamus. Umurnin ya karanta a wani bangare "A cikin ayyukan da aka yi da ƙungiyoyi, duk wani yara maza da mata da aka ɗauka tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 13 waɗanda ke da lafiya a jiki, kuma waɗanda iyayensu ko dai ba za a iya samun su ba ko kuma waɗanda, a matsayin mutanen da ba su iya aiki ba, za a aika su zuwa yankin da aka ware don sauran iyalai (za a aika da dregs zuwa Reich). "

An yi amfani da yaran da aka sace a matsayin ma'aikatan tilasta a cikin kungiyar Todt, masana'antun Junkers da kuma sana'o'in hannu na Jamus a matsayin wani ɓangare na aiki don "ƙananan ƙarfin halitta" na abokan gaba na Nazi Jamus.

Kotun Nuremberg ta rarraba satar yara da Nazi Jamus ta yi a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin kisan kare dangi. Alfred Rosenberg, wanda kuma ya sanya hannu kan takardun Heuaktion, Kotun Nuremberg ta same shi da laifi, kuma an ambaci sanya hannu kan wannan takardar a cikin hukunci na karshe.

Hamayya da Adolf Hitler

Kodayake da farko yana goyon bayan Hitler saboda adawarsa ga Yarjejeniyar Versailles, Tresckow ya yi saurin takaici a shekara ta 1934 ta abubuwan da suka faru na Night of the Long Knives (30 Yuni zuwa 2 Yuli 1934) da kuma tashin hankali da ya yi wa yawan Yahudawa.

A cikin 1938, batun Blomberg-Fritsch ya kara karfafa ƙiyayya ga Nazis. Ya ɗauki Kristallnacht, wani Kisan kiyashi na Yahudawa na ƙasa, a matsayin wulakanci da kuma ƙasƙantar da wayewa.

Don haka ya nemi fararen hula da jami'an da suka yi adawa da Hitler, kamar Erwin von Witzleben, wanda ya hana Tresckow yin murabus daga Sojoji, yana jayayya cewa za a buƙace su lokacin da ranar lissafi ta zo. A lokacin rani na 1939, ya gaya wa Fabian von Schlabrendorff cewa "duka aikin da girmamawa suna buƙatarmu cewa ya kamata mu yi iya ƙoƙarinmu don kawo faduwar Hitler da National Socialism don ceton Jamus da Turai daga zalunci. " A cikin yakin da aka yi da Tarayyar Soviet, Tresckow ya ci gaba da ayyukan juriya tare da sabuntawa. Ya firgita da Dokar Kwamishina, wanda ya ce: