Henry Moore
Henry Spencer Moore OM CH FBA (30 ga Yulin 1898 - 31 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Ingila. An fi saninsa da siffofin tagulla na ƙarfe waɗanda ke kewaye da duniya a matsayin ayyukan fasaha na jama'a. Moore ya kuma samar da zane-zane da yawa, gami da jerin da ke nuna 'yan London da ke neman mafaka daga Blitz a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, tare da sauran ayyukan hoto a kan takarda.
Siffofinsa yawanci siffofi ne na mutum, yawanci suna nuna uwa da yaro ko adadi masu kwanciyar hankali. Ayyukan Moore yawanci suna nuna jikin mace, ban da wani lokaci a cikin shekarun 1950 lokacin da ya zana ƙungiyoyin iyali. Siffofinsa galibi suna furewa ko suna dauke da sarari. Masu fassara da yawa suna kwatanta siffar da ke kwance da shi ga shimfidar wuri da tuddai na wurin haihuwarsa na Yorkshire.
Moore ya zama sananne sosai ta hanyar marmara da aka sassaƙa da manyan siffofin tagulla, kuma ya taimaka wajen gabatar da wani nau'i na zamani ga Ƙasar Ingila. Ikonsa a rayuwarsa ta baya don cika manyan kwamitocin ya sa ya zama mai arziki sosai. Duk da wannan, ya rayu cikin sauki; mafi yawan kuɗin da ya samu ya tafi don ba da gudummawa ga Gidauniyar Henry Moore, wanda ke ci gaba da tallafawa ilimi da inganta zane-zane.
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Moore a Castleford, West Riding na Yorkshire, Ingila, ga Mary (née Baker) da Raymond Spencer Moore . Mahaifinsa dan asalin Irish ne kuma ya zama mataimakin rami (mai kula da tsaro) sannan kuma mataimakin manajan Wheldale coal a Castleford. Ya kasance mai koyar da kansa tare da sha'awar kiɗa da adabi. Da yake ya ƙuduri aniyar cewa 'ya'yansa maza ba za su yi aiki a cikin ma'adinai ba, sai ya ga ilimi na yau da kullun a matsayin hanyar ci gaban su.[1] Henry shi ne na bakwai cikin yara takwas a cikin iyali wanda sau da yawa ke fama da talauci. Ya halarci makarantun jarirai da ƙananan a Castleford, inda ya fara yin samfurin a cikin yumɓu da zane-zane a cikin itace. Ya yi ikirarin cewa ya yanke shawarar zama mai zane-zane lokacin da yake dan shekara goma sha ɗaya bayan ya ji labarin nasarorin Michelangelo a karatun makarantar Lahadi.[2]
A yunkurinsa na biyu an yarda da shi a Makarantar Sakandare ta Castleford, wanda yawancin 'yan uwansa suka halarta, inda shugaban makarantarsa ya lura da baiwarsa da sha'awar zane-zane na zamani.[1] Malamin fasaharsa, Alice Gostick, ya fadada iliminsa game da fasaha, kuma tare da ƙarfafawarta, ya yanke shawarar yin fasaha aikinsa; na farko ta hanyar zama don jarrabawa don samun tallafin karatu a kwalejin fasaha na gida.[3] Hotunan farko da Moore ya rubuta - takarda don Scott Society a makarantar sakandare ta Castleford, da Roll of Honour don tunawa da yaran da suka tafi yaƙi a Yaƙin Duniya na farko daga makarantar - an kashe su a wannan lokacin.[3]
Duk da alkawarinsa na farko, iyayen Moore sun kasance a kan shi horo a matsayin mai zane-zane, sana'ar da suka yi la'akari da aikin hannu tare da ƙananan damar aiki. Bayan taƙaitaccen gabatarwa a matsayin malamin dalibi, Moore ya zama malami a makarantar da ya halarta.[3] Bayan ya cika shekaru goma sha takwas, Moore ya ba da kansa don aikin soja a Yaƙin Duniya na farko . Shi ne ƙarami mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin Yarima na Wales' Own Civil Service Rifles kuma ya ji rauni a 1917 a wani harin gas, a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba a Bourlon Wood, a lokacin Yaƙin Cambrai. [4] Bayan ya warke a asibiti, ya ga ragowar yaƙin a matsayin mai koyar da horo na jiki, kawai ya koma Faransa yayin da aka sanya hannu kan Armistice. Ya tuna daga baya, "a gare ni yaƙin ya wuce cikin haze na soyayya na ƙoƙarin zama jarumi. Wannan halin ya canza yayin da yake tunani game da lalacewar yaƙi kuma a cikin 1940 ya rubuta, a cikin wata wasika ga abokinsa Arthur Sale, cewa "shekara ko biyu bayan [yaƙin] ganin tufafin khaki ya fara nufin duk abin da ba daidai ba ne kuma ya ɓace kuma yana da rashin rayuwa. [5][6]
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Grohmann 1960.
- ↑ "1898–1925: Childhood and Education". Henry Moore Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
- 1 2 3 Berthoud 2003.
- ↑ Beckett & Russell 2003.
- ↑ "Letter to Arthur Sale, 30 April 1940". Imperial War Museum. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
- ↑ Wilkinson 2002.