Henry O. Mayfield
 Henry O. Mayfield | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 1907 |
| Mutuwa | 31 Disamba 1963 |
| Sana'a | |
Henry O. Mayfield (15 ga Fabrairu, 1907 - Disamba 31, 1963) [1] ɗan Amurka ne mai hakar ma'adinai kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa. Mayfield na ɗaya daga cikin masu hakar ma'adinai na Baƙar fata waɗanda suka taka rawa wajen kafa sabuwar Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Masana'antu (CIO) tsakanin 1935 da 1955; ya kuma yi rawar jagoranci a SNYC. Ya yi aiki da Amurka a matsayin soja a yakin] [ ; bayan haka, shi da sauran tsoffin sojoji sun yi aiki don tallafawa haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a. Ya yi aiki tare da wasu shugabannin Baƙar fata a cikin Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Masana'antu don ba da shawara ga haƙƙin ma'aikata, musamman a kudancin Amurka. FBI ta kalli Mayfield kuma an kama shi saboda aikinsa a Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci da bayar da shawarwari ga 'yancin ɗan adam. Mayfield ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban hukumar na Freedomways Associates, kamfanin bugawa na mujallar al'adu Freedomways, har zuwa mutuwarsa. [1]
Tarihin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Henry O. Mayfield a 1907 a Florida . Ya sami ilimin firamare kafin ya yi ƙaura zuwa masana'antu, ma'adinai, da ma'adanai na Jefferson County, Alabama. Mayfield ya zama mai hakar ma'adinai kuma ya yi aiki na shekaru bakwai a cikin mafi girma a Birmingham, kamfanin Stockholm Pipe and Fitting Company, [2] kuma ya zama memba na United Mine Workers, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin kwadago na lokacin. Saboda shiga kungiyar, ya zama mai shirya taron Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) a ƙarshen shekarun 1930. Yanayin aiki ya haifar da jerin buƙatu a matsayin wani ɓangare na yajin aiki wanda ya haɗa da albashi mafi girma da canje-canje a lokutan aiki.[2] Kungiyoyin da Mayfield ya yi niyya a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirya tafiye-tafiye sun kasance masu hakar ma'adinai, majami'u, kungiyoyin jama'a, da ƙungiyoyin masu jefa kuri'a. Ya kasance daya daga cikin shugabannin baƙar fata da suka yi ƙoƙari su guji shan giya, sun yi tsayayya da yin al'amuran kuma sun ji 'yanci su shiga cikin matsalolin aure na abokan aiki. Mayfield ta kasance mawaƙa a cikin ƙungiyar East Birmingham Stars quartet . Yana da 'ya'ya biyu a aurensa na farko. Bayan shi da matarsa sun rabu, iyalinta "sun yanke shi," don haka ya gudu zuwa Greenwood ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa.[3] Mayfield ya shiga NAACP a kusa da 1938, tare da abokinsa kuma ɗan'uwan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, Hosea Hudson . Ya shiga soja a 1943, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, a Fort Benning, Jojiya, inda ya kasance mai zaman kansa.[4] Bayan aikinsa tare da CIO da SNYC, Mayfield ya sauya zuwa aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin Freedomways Associates, mujallar siyasa da al'adu da aka rubuta don masu sauraron Afirka.[5] Mayfield ya mutu a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1963, yana da shekaru 56. A lokacin mutuwarsa, Mayfield yana zaune a Brooklyn, New York, kuma yana aiki a kan Freedomways Journal . [5]
Ayyukan hadin gwiwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mayfield ya ba da shawarar sauye-sauye a yanayin aiki, musamman a Birmingham, inda ya yi aiki don mafi girman foundry a cikin birni. Shekaru bakwai, Mayfield ta yi aiki a kamfanin Stockholm Pipe and Fitting.[1] Yayinda suke aiki a cikin wannan foundry, Mayfield da sauran masu shirya kwaminisanci, kamar Hosea Hudson, sun rinjayi kungiyar aiki da kuma kirkirar ƙungiyar kwadago a cikin Sloss Iron Company, US Steel, da Republic Steel. [1] Saboda ƙuduri da ilimin Mayfield game da sana'arsa da ƙungiyarsa, Mayfield da sauran 'yan kwaminisanci na Black sun sami damar ƙarfafa fafutukar aiki, wanda hakan ya haifar da albashi mafi girma da yanayin aiki mafi aminci. Saboda gwagwarmayarsu, waɗannan masu shirya baƙar fata, gami da Mayfield, sun sami damar haɗuwa da ma'aikatan fari da ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyi.
Yajin aiki na shekara ta 1941
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don samun bukatun su na canje-canje a yanayin aiki da kuma albashi mafi girma, Mayfield da sauran ma'aikatan baƙar fata sun shiga yajin aiki a shekarar 1941. Yayinda yake aiki don foundries a Birmingham, Mayfield ya bayyana cewa "Ma'aikatan Negro sune manyan shugabannin shirya kungiyoyin kwadago a Amurka Steel, Republic Steel, da Sloss Iron Company. " [1] A Birmingham, ma'aikatan baƙar fata, karkashin jagorancin Mayfield da sauran masu shirya baƙar fata، sune na farko da suka taru don yin korafi don canje-canje a yanayin aiki; ma'aikatan fari ne kawai suka shiga cikin motsi bayan sun gano cewa ma'aikatan Black za su ci nasara a zaben Hukumar Ma'aikata. Mayfield ya yi imanin cewa "Ma'aikatan Negro sun horar da fararen ma'aikata a cikin gwagwarmaya".[1]
A cewar Mayfield, duka mata da yara na Black sun taka rawar gani wajen kirkirar ƙungiyar; lokacin da maza ke yajin aiki, mata na iya tara abinci ga wasu iyalai, yayin da yara na iya shiga zanga-zangar tare da iyayensu.[1] Wannan ƙarfin iyali ya haifar da samfurin da zai iya haɗa ƙungiyoyin Birmingham.
Koyaya, bayan shirya su da ƙungiyar kwadago a cikin foundries sun yi nasara, ma'aikatan fari sun tilasta wa masu shirya Black daga matsayinsu na jagoranci, kuma goyon baya ga daidaito a wurin aiki ya ɓace.[1] Saboda wannan, Mayfield ya bayyana cewa "An sami karamin nasara ne kawai, amma saboda kawai Negro ya yi yaƙi da su".[1]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Mayfield, Henry O. (1 January 1964). "Winter (First Quarter) 1964" (PDF). Freedomways. 4 (1): 51–55. JSTOR community.28036986. Retrieved 29 April 2023. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":12" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Morris, Joshua J. (2019-10-02). "Building a Movement: American Communist Activism in the Communities, 1929-1945". American Communist History. 18 (3–4): 218–250. doi:10.1080/14743892.2019.1677125. ISSN 1474-3892. S2CID 211315941.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:32 - ↑ "NARA - AAD - Display Full Records - Electronic Army Serial Number Merged File, ca. 1938 - 1946 (Enlistment Records)". aad.archives.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-02.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Mayfield, Henry O. (1 January 1964). "Winter (First Quarter) 1964" (PDF). Freedomways. 4 (1): 51–55. JSTOR community.28036986. Retrieved 29 April 2023.