Henry Stanhope Freeman
| Henry Stanhope Freeman | |
|---|---|
| Haihuwa | c. 1831 |
| Mutuwa | April 1865 |
| Office | Governor of Lagos Colony |
| Gada daga | William McCoskry |
| Magaji | John Hawley Glover |
Henry Stanhope Freeman (ya rasu a watan Afrilun 1865) shi ne Gwamna na farko na Lagos Colony, inda ya yi mulki daga 22 ga Janairun 1862 zuwa Afrilun 1865.
Tarihin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Freeman ya kasance Mataimakin Jakadan Birtaniya (Vice-Consul) a Ghadames da ke Libya, kuma yayin da yake can ya tattara bayanai kan ɗaya daga cikin harsunan Tuareg.[1]
An zaɓe shi memba na Royal Asiatic Society a ranar 14 ga Disamban 1861.[2]
Har ila yau, ya kasance memba na Anthropological Society, inda ya halarci wasu tarurruka tare da gabatar da jawabai, amma bai bayar da gudummawa ga wallafe-wallafen ƙungiyar ba.[3]
Kafin a naɗa shi Gwamnan Legas, Freeman ya kasance Mataimakin Jakadan Birtaniya a Janina a cikin Ottoman Empire.[4]
Gwamnan Legas
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa yankin mulkin mallaka na Legas ne bayan yarjejeniyar miƙa Legas da aka tilasta sanya hannu a kanta a watan Agustan 1861.
Lokacin da Freeman ya isa Legas a watan Janairun 1862 domin karɓar mulki daga mukaddashin gwamna William McCoskry, yankin mulkin mallakar ya ƙunshi Lagos Island da kuma ƙaramin yanki na ƙasa a gabashi da yamma. Sarakunan yankunan cikin ƙasa ba su kasance masu adawa da Turawan Birtaniya ba, amma suna ta yaƙe-yaƙe a tsakaninsu, lamarin da ya sa kasuwanci ya kasance cikin haɗari.[5]
A cikin Rahotonsa na Shekara ta 1863, Freeman ya bayyana cewa kasuwanci ya kusan tsaya cak gaba ɗaya sakamakon yaƙin da ake yi tsakanin Ibadan da Abeokuta.[6]
A cikin wasiƙar da ya rubuta a ranar 9 ga Oktoban 1862, Freeman ya kare matakinsa na faɗaɗa ikonsa zuwa Palma da Badagry, yana mai cewa akwai hujjojin tarihi da suka nuna cewa waɗannan yankuna suna ƙarƙashin ikon Legas.[7]
Kogin Ogun, wanda ke kaiwa zuwa Abeokuta, bai kasance lafiya ga zirga-zirgar kwale-kwale ba, domin matafiya na fuskantar barazanar 'yan fashi na Egba. Saboda haka, a ranar 14 ga Nuwamban 1862, Freeman ya umarci dukkan 'yan ƙasar Birtaniya da su bar Abeokuta su koma Legas, su bar dukiyoyinsu a can, inda shugabannin Abeokuta za su ɗauki alhakin kare su a gaban gwamnatin Birtaniya.[8]
A shekarar 1863, ya rungumi manufar adawa da Ijebu tare da goyon bayan Kosoko, abin da ya kai ga jiragen ruwan yaƙin Birtaniya sun kai hari kan Epe.[9]
A ranar 18 ga Fabrairun 1862, Freeman ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da tsohon Sarkin Legas, Sarki Docemo, wadda ta fayyace cewa zai riƙa karɓar alawus na shekara-shekara na buhunan kuɗin ƙwarya (cowries) 1,200 har tsawon rayuwarsa.[10]
An ba shi izinin naɗa majalisar dokoki ta wasiƙar da aka rubuta ranar 13 ga Maris, 1862.[11]
A ranar 4 ga Maris, 1863, Freeman ya zartar da wata doka da ta sanya dokokin Ingila suka fara aiki a yankin mulkin mallakar Legas.[12]
A ranar 6 ga Yulin 1864, majalisarsa ta kafa Babbar Kotun Alƙalai (Chief Magistrate's Court) domin sauraron shari'o'in farar hula da na laifuka.[13]
Freeman ya yi daidai da ra'ayin tsohon mai bincike Richard Burton, wanda ya ziyarci Legas, cewa baƙaƙen fata sun fi karkata ga karɓar addinin Musulunci fiye da Kiristanci.[14]
Ya kuma yi ƙoƙarin dakatar da yunƙurin Robert Campbell, ɗan Jamaica mai jinin Scotland da Afirka, na kafa jarida a yankin mulkin mallakar. Freeman ya yi imanin cewa jarida za ta kasance "wani kayan aiki mai haɗari a hannun baƙaƙen fata masu ɗan ilimi kaɗan."
Sai dai gwamnatin Birtaniya ba ta goyi bayan matsayinsa ba, kuma a ranar 6 ga Yunin 1863 aka fitar da fitowar farko ta jaridar Anglo-African, wadda ta zama jaridar mako-mako ta farko a Najeriya.[15]
Freeman ya sha fama da rashin lafiya, wanda sau da yawa ya sa ba ya iya gudanar da aikinsa. A cikin shekaru biyu na ƙarshe na mulkinsa, Kyaftin William Rice Mulliner sannan daga baya Kyaftin John Hawley Glover ne suka riƙa gudanar da ayyukansa. Ya rasu a watan Afrilun shekarar 1865.[16]
Freeman yana da shekaru talatin da huɗu lokacin da ya rasu.[3]
Littattafan da ya wallafa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Henry Stanhope Freeman (1862). A grammatical sketch of the Temahuq or Towarek language. Harrison.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Newman 1880.
- ↑ London Review.
- 1 2 Anthropological Society, pp. 62.
- ↑ Appointments, Preferments.
- ↑ Geary 1965, pp. 42-43.
- ↑ Rubin.
- ↑ Great Britain, pp. 449.
- ↑ Foreign and Commonwealth.
- ↑ Ayandele 1970, pp. 88.
- ↑ Great Britain, pp. 421.
- ↑ Great Britain, pp. 441.
- ↑ Great Britain, pp. 443.
- ↑ Great Britain, pp. 446.
- ↑ Lyons & Lyons 2004, pp. 62.
- ↑ Benesch 2004, pp. 141.
- ↑ Geary 1965, pp. 42–43.