Hester Lane

Hester Lane
Rayuwa
Mutuwa	1849
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan kasuwa

Hester Lane (ya mutu a shekara ta 1849) ya kasance dan Amurka ne mai ba da agaji, mai ba da gudummawa, ɗan kasuwa, kuma mai fafutukar siyasa. An haife ta a cikin bautar a Maryland, ta zauna a New York a matsayin mace mai 'yanci. An san Lane a New York saboda yadda take kara launi a bangon ta amfani da fararen fata, 'yantar da bayi a Maryland ta hanyar sayen su, da kuma gardamar da ke kewaye da rashin nasarar da aka yi mata ga American Anti-Slavery Society. Ta mutu a watan Yulin 1849 a lokacin annobar kwalara.

Kasuwanci

Lane mace ce mai son kanta. Ta kirkiro, gudanar, kuma ta gudanar da kasuwancin kanta a matsayin mai wanki, ko "mai ado," kuma ta koya wa kanta Faransanci. A cikin 1830, Ƙididdigar Tarayya ta lissafa ta a matsayin "Free Black Head of Household. " Bayan saduwa da Lane a cikin 1833, marubucin Burtaniya Edward Strutt Abdy ya yi iƙirarin "ta sami ƙwarewa mai kyau ga kanta. "

Sayen 'yanci

Lane ba wai kawai ta mallaki gidanta ba, amma ta hanyar kuɗin da ta samu daga kasuwancin ta, ta sami damar sayen 'yancin wasu ta amfani da ikon shiga da fita daga Kudu ba tare da haifar da tuhuma ba. A cikin shekarun 1820, dukiyarta ta ba ta damar sayen 'yancin akalla mutane goma sha ɗaya, gami da dukan iyalai. Lane ba kawai ta sayi 'yancin wasu ba, duk da haka, tana tsammanin waɗanda ta taimaka wajen biyan ta lokacin da za ta iya. Ta ci gaba da aiki a wasu rayukan wadanda ta 'yantar kuma ta taimaka wajen samar da damar samun ilimi ga yaran da ta 'yartar.

Yunkurin adawa da bautar

Lane ta jagoranci masu tara kudade ga Kwamitin Kula da New York, ƙungiyar abolitionist wacce ta kasance memba. Ta yi aiki tare da David Ruggles wajen tara kudade ga jaridar abolitionist ta William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator . Lane ya kuma yi aiki tare da Henrietta Ray, matar Charles Ray, a cikin kwamitin manajoji na African Dorcas Association, ƙungiyar taimakon al'umma a New York. Ta kuma taimaka wajen shirya baje kolin majami'u, gami da Presbyterian na Afirka na biyu na Philadelphia.

An ƙi zabar da aka yi

Mai Ceto. Fashewa. (Mayu 29, 1840)

A sakamakon rikice-rikicen cikin gida a watan Mayu 1840, magoya bayan Garrison sun tabbatar da ikon su na American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) bayan "sabon masu shirya" sun sauya sheka kuma sun kafa American and Foreign Anti-Sclavery Society (AFASS). "Sabon masu shirya" ya haifar da sarari ga jagorancin mata a cikin AASS. Charles Ray ya zabi Lane, abokiyar matarsa, don kwamitin zartarwa na AASS. Kodayake David Lee Child ya bayyana cewa duk waɗanda ke cikin al'umma suna jin daɗin daidaito "a cikin matsayi na Anti-bautar, ba tare da bambancin jima'i ko launi ba," kuma cewa "aikin al'umma ya dace da ka'idarsa," kungiyar ta ki amincewa da zaben Lane kuma a maimakon haka ta zabi fararen mata uku: Maria Chapman, Lydia Maria Child, da Lucretia Mott . Akwai jayayya da yawa game da ƙin gabatarwa. Lokacin da yake bayar da rahoto game da taron a cikin The Colored American, Ray ya zargi wariyar launin fata da yanke shawara ta ƙarshe:

"Ya [David Lee Child] saboda haka ya zabi Lucretia Mott, na Philadelphia, a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa-wanda ya ɗauka. . . . Charles Ray, sannan ya koma, saboda har yanzu akwai sauran guraben aiki a cikin kwamitin, cewa sunan Hester Lane ya bace. Hester Lane sananne ne a cikin wannan birni yana da mace mai kyau da hankali, kuma ta kasance bawa, amma 'ka'idar' ta kasa ɗaukar launinta. - eh!"

Thomas Van Rensselaer, mai cin abinci na Afirka, mai fafutukar kwamitin tsaro, kuma editan jarida, wanda aka amince da shi ga kwamitin zartarwa, ya ki amincewa da ra'ayin Ray cewa wariyar launin fata ya kasance laifi kuma ya bayyana cewa "mu ne muka janye ta, maimakon rashin son rai, ta hanyar rinjaye". Rensselaers ya tabbatar da aikinsa ta hanyar bayyana Lane ya goyi bayan ƙungiyar Arthur Tappan a cikin wata wasika zuwa The Emancipator:

"Hester Lane - an yi kuka game da wannan mutum, an ƙi shi a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Jama'a. . . . . . . . Dalili na ƙin yarda, saboda na yi magana da Mrs. Lane a 'yan kwanaki kafin a kan tambayar mace, kuma ta same ta da adawa da" mu ", kuma da karfi da goyon baya ga sabon" ƙungiyoyin [AFASS] ". Tare da waɗannan gaskiyar. daga baya aka gano cewa za a iya kara wani mutum bisa tsarin mulki, ta yadda duk laifin, idan akwai laifi, ya kamata a dora wa dan’uwa Ray, na zaben mutumin da ya sani, ko kuma ya kamata ya sani, ya saba mana."

A cikin litattafanta Vanguard: Yadda Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All and All Bound Up Together: The Woman Question in African American Public Culture, 1830-1900, masanin tarihi da kuma masanin shari'a Martha S. Jones ta tattauna yadda lamarin Lane ya kwatanta muhawara tsakanin masu gwagwarmayar adawa da bautar kan 'yancin mata, "ɗaya daga cikinsu daidaito na mata ya ɓace zuwa layin launi. "

Zarge-zargen ƙarya

A watan Janairun 1838, "Kwamitin Bincike" wanda Samuel Hardenburgh ya jagoranta ya binciki Lane saboda zargin da Martha Johnson ta yi da ita ta sace kuma ta sayar da bayi. Hardenburgh ya hadu a gidan David Ruggles don bincika zarge-zargen. An ruwaito cewa Johnson tana da rikici da Lane game da dukiyar da take hayar daga Lane. A watan Fabrairun 1839, a Cocin Ashbury, Kwamitin Bincike ya sanar da hukuncin da suka yi a madadin Lane kuma ya wanke ta daga tuhumar.

Bayan an wanke ta, mutane sun bi ta a karkashin ra'ayi cewa ta tara dukiyarta daga ayyukan haramtacciyar da aka zarge ta kuma sun yi jayayya game da rashin laifi a waje da ofishin 'yan sanda. An ruwaito cewa, taron jama'a sun so su kashe ta amma an hana su yin hakan ta hanyar isowar 'yan bindiga masu dauke da makamai da suka dawo daga horarwarsu kuma suka warwatse jim kadan bayan haka.

A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1838, kwamitin ya buga rahoton su kuma ya sanar da rashin laifi na Lane a cikin The Colored American .

Rayuwa da mutuwa daga baya

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan abubuwan da suka faru a 1840 da kuma gardamar da ke kewaye da zabarta, Lane ta bar wurin adawa da bautar. Daga baya ta mutu a 1849 daga kwalara a lokacin annobar.