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Holland, Michigan

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Holland, Michigan

Wuri
Map
 42°47′15″N 86°06′32″W / 42.7875°N 86.1089°W / 42.7875; -86.1089
Ƴantacciyar ƙasaTarayyar Amurka
Jihar Tarayyar AmurikaMichigan
County of Michigan (en) FassaraOttawa County (en) Fassara
Yawan mutane
Faɗi 34,378 (2020)
• Yawan mutane 765.66 mazaunan/km²
Home (en) Fassara 2,755 (2020)
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili 17.35 mi²
• Ruwa 4.3916 %
Altitude (en) Fassara 202 m
Bayanan tarihi
Ƙirƙira 1847
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo 49422, 49423 da 49424
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo cityofholland.com
Youtube: UCAiRnHdNuXjvP1Myw81iy2g Edit the value on Wikidata

Holland birni ne, da ke a lardin na Ottawa da Allegan a cikin jihar Michigan ta Amurka. Da yake a yankin yammacin yankin Lower Peninsula, birnin yana kusa da gabas ga gabar tafkin Michigan akan tafkin Macatawa, wanda kogin Macatawa ke ciyar da shi. Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a ta 2020, yawan jama'a ya kai 34,378, tare da yawan jama'ar birni 107,034.

Holland ta kafa ta 'yan asalin Holland kuma tana cikin yankin da ke da babban kashi na' yan asalin Holland na Amurka. Gida ce ga Kwalejin Hope da Cibiyar Nazarin tauhidin Yamma, cibiyoyin Ikilisiyar Reformed a Amurka. Tattalin arzikin Holland ya hada da masana'antu, noma, yawon bude ido, da ilimi mafi girma. Gida ce ga manyan kamfanoni da yawa, gami da Herman Miller, Haworth, da Adient. Har ila yau, birnin yana jan hankalin dubban baƙi a kowace shekara don bikin Tulip Time na shekara-shekara, wanda ke murna da al'adun Dutch da filayen tulip na yankin.

Birnin ya mamaye layin gundumar Ottawa/Allegan, tare da 9.08 sq mi (23.52 km2) a Ottawa da sauran 8.13 sq mi (21.06 km2) a Allegan. Holland ita ce birni mafi girma a cikin lardunan Ottawa da Allegan. Yankin Ottawa County wani yanki ne na babban yankin Grand Rapids, yayin da yankin Allegan County ya kafa yankin ƙididdiga na micropolitan na Holland, wanda ke hade da gundumar Allegan. Garin wani yanki ne na babban yanki na Grand Rapids – Wyoming hade da yanki na kididdiga

Tarihi

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Ottawa County ta samo asali ne daga Indiyawa na Ottawa. A cikin 1846, Reverend George Smith ya kafa Old Wing Mission a matsayin fadakarwa ga jama'ar asali. Mutanen Ottawa da ke zaune a nan da farko suna yin Katolika, amma Smith ya yi ƙoƙari ya canza su zuwa Furotesta. Duk da yake gabaɗaya ba su yi nasara ba wajen juyar da yawan 'yan asalin ƙasar, ƙungiyoyin biyu sun yi aiki tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci. Wannan yunkurin yin aiki da zama tare bai sami daraja ga ƙungiyar da ta zo ba.[1]

Holland ta zauna a cikin 1847 ta masu rabuwa da Calvinist na Dutch, a karkashin jagorancin Dokta Albertus van Raalte . Yanayin tattalin arziki mai tsanani a cikin Netherlands ya tilasta musu yin ƙaura.[2]

Van Raalte da mulkin mallaka sun zauna a ƙasa a tsakiyar mutanen Ottawa (Odawa) Old Wing Mission Colony kusa da Kogin Macatawa (wanda aka fi sani da Black River) inda yake gudana cikin Tafkin Macatawa (An kira Black Lake kafin Yuni 4, 1935) [3] wanda, bi da bi, ke kaiwa ga Tafkin Michigan ta hanyar tashar. Mazauna Dutch da mutanen Ottawa ba su taɓa yin hulɗa ba. Mazauna Dutch sun fara satar sukari da venison daga Ottawa.[4] Yaren mutanen Holland ba su da niyyar karɓar haɗin mutanen Ottawa na al'adun Katolika da na asali. Ba da daɗewa ba, shugabannin Dutch sun yi ƙoƙari su tilasta wa 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke cikin gandun daji a cikin Allegan County. A ƙarshe, 'yan asalin sun koma arewa don adana hanyar rayuwarsu da al'adunsu.[5] Cif Peter Waukazoo da Reverend George Smith sun yanke shawarar motsa al'umma da Ofishin Jakadancin Ottawa daga Holland zuwa Northport (a kan Leelanau Peninsula), tafiya a kan jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa.[6]

A farkon tarihin Holland, Van Raalte ya kasance jagora na ruhaniya, tare da kula da batutuwan siyasa, ilimi da kudi. A cikin 1847, Van Raalte ya kafa ikilisiya ta Ikilisiyar Reformed a Amurka, wanda daga babba za a kira Ikilisiyar First Reformed na Holland. A ranar 25 ga Maris, 1867, an kafa Holland a matsayin birni tare da Isaac Cappon kasancewa magajin gari na farko.

Oktoba 1871 Wutar

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Birnin ya sha wahala daga babbar wuta a ranar 8-10 ga Oktoba, 1871, a lokaci guda da Babban wuta Chicago a Illinois da kuma mummunan Wutar Peshtigo a Wisconsin.[7] Saboda Babban Wutar Michigan (wanda ya haɗa da Wutar Port Huron ta 1871), Manistee da Port Huron, Michigan, suma sun ƙone a lokaci guda. Har ila yau an san shi da Great Midwest fires, jerin gobarar da aka yi a fadin Michigan sun yi ikirarin kusan rayuka 500, kodayake ainihin adadin wadanda suka mutu ba a sani ba.[8] Yawancin mutanen da ke cikin gari sun ƙone a cikin wuta, suna da'awar rayuwa 1 bayan gobarar.[9] Ba a san ainihin dalilin gobarar ba.[9] Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da abin da ya haifar da gobarar. Haɗuwa da gobarar Chicago ta haifar da wasu da'awar haɗin kai, kamar gawayi da ke iyo a kan Tafkin Michigan don fara Holland Fire. Koyaya, ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin yana da ban mamaki kuma ba zai yiwu ba, cewa iskar methane mai ƙonewa daga wani tauraron da ke wucewa ya haifar da gobarar. Bayani mafi mahimmanci ya kasance cewa iskõki masu ƙarfi sun ƙarfafa ƙaramin wuta, da farko sun ƙone gandun daji da ke kusa kafin su ƙone garin da kansa.[10] Koyaya, ba a taɓa ba da cikakken bayani game da gobarar ba, kuma ainihin dalilin ba a san shi ba.

Gidajen Dutch a Michigan.

Yanayin ƙasa

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Holland tana a 42.7875235, -86.1089301.

A cewar Ofishin Ƙididdigar Amurka, birnin yana da jimlar yanki na sq km2), daga cikinsu, 16.683 sq mi (43.21 km2) sq km2) ƙasa ne kuma 0.767 sq mi (1.99 km2) sq km2) ruwa ne.

Makwabta

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  • Holland Heights
  • Yammacin Yamma
  • Filin Washington
  • Gundumar Tarihi
  • Fata
  • Rosa Parks
  • Katako
  • Kudancin Ƙarshen
  • Garin gari

Yanayi

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Holland tana da yanayin zafi na Midwestern (Köppen Dfb / Dfa) wanda Great Lakes ke rinjayar, kuma yana daga cikin yankin USDA Hardiness 5b.[11]

Yawan jama'a

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Yawan jama'a na tarihi
CensusPop.Note%±
18702,319—
18802,62013.0%
18903,94550.6%
19007,79097.5%
191010,49034.7%
192012,18316.1%
193014,34617.8%
194014,6161.9%
195015,8588.5%
196024,77756.2%
197026,3376.3%
198026,281−0.2%
199030,74517.0%
200035,04814.0%
201033,051−5.7%
202034,3784.0%
Hoton da ke nuna rarraba shekarun Holland, MI

Ƙididdigar jama'a ta 2020

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Holland, Michigan - Racial Composition [12] (NH = Non-Hispanic) Lura: Ƙididdigar Amurka tana bi da Hispanic / Latino a matsayin kabilanci. Wannan teburin ya cire Latinos daga rukunin launin fata kuma ya sanya su a cikin rukuni daban. Hispanics / Latinos na iya kasancewa na kowane kabila.
Tseren Adadin Kashi
Fararen fata 22,641 65.9%
Baƙar fata ko Baƙar fata na Amurka (NH) 1,279 3.7%
'Yan asalin Amurka ko' 'Yan asalin Alaska (NH) 76 0.2%
Asiya (NH) 913 2.7%
Mutumin tsibirin Pacific (NH) 30 0.1%
Wasu Sauran Tsaro (NH) 106 0.3%
Haɗin kai / Ƙungiya da yawa (NH) 1,291 3.8%
Hispanic ko Latino 8,042 23.4%
Jimillar 34,378 100.0%

Ya zuwa kididdigar , akwai mutane 34,378, gidaje 12,747, da iyalai 7,880 da ke zaune a cikin birni.[13] yawan jama'a ya kasance 2,060.7/sq mi (795.6/km2) mi (795.6/km2). Akwai gidaje 13,512. Tsarin launin fata na birnin ya kasance 71.2% fari, 4.2% Ba'amurke, 0.8% 'Yan asalin Amurka, 2.8% Asiya, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 9.4% daga wasu kabilu da 11.5% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila sun kasance 23.4% na yawan jama'a.[14] 20.4% na mazauna ba su kai shekara 18 ba, 5.1% ba su kai shekaru 5 ba, kuma 16.9% sun kai 65 da sama da haka.

Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2010

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Ya zuwa , akwai mutane 33,051, gidaje 12,021, da iyalai 7,593 da ke zaune a cikin birni. yawan jama'a ya kasance 1,992.3/sq mi (769.2/km2) mi (769.2/km2). Akwai gidaje 13,212 a matsakaicin matsakaicin 796.4/sq mi (307.5/km2) mi (307.5/km2).

Tseren da Hispanic ko Latino Asalin: Tsarin launin fata na birnin ya kasance 80.0% fari kadai, 3.6% Baƙar fata ko Baƙar fata na Amurka, 0.6% 'Yan asalin Amurka, 3.0% Asiya, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 9.2% daga wasu kabilu da 3.4% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila sun kasance 22.7% na yawan jama'a.

Akwai gidaje 12,021, daga cikinsu 32.8% suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune tare da su, 46.5% ma'aurata ne da ke zaune mmogo, 11.9% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da miji ba, 4.7% suna da namiji mai gida ba, kuma 36.8% ba iyalai ba ne. Kashi 29.8% na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane, kuma kashi 13.5% suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.52 kuma matsakaicin girman iyalin ya kasance 3.13.

Matsakaicin shekarun a cikin birni ya kasance shekaru 31.7. 24% na mazauna ba su kai shekara 18 ba; 16.5% suna tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 24; 24.7% sun kasance daga 25 zuwa 44; 21% sun kasance daga 45 zuwa 64; kuma 13.7% sun kasance shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Tsarin jinsi na birnin ya kasance maza 47.5% da mata 52.5%.

Tattalin Arziki

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Holland ita ce gida ga masana'antar pickle mafi girma a duniya. Kamfanin HJ Heinz ya buɗe masana'antar a wannan wuri a cikin 1897, kuma yana aiwatar da fiye da fam miliyan 1. na pickles a kowace rana a lokacin lokacin kore.

  • Mai biyan kuɗi - wurin zama na mota [15]
  • Haworth - kayan ofis
  • Herman Miller - kayan gida da ofis
  • Johnson Controls - batirin lithium-ion
  • LG Chem - batirin lithium-ion
  • Tiara Yachts - yachts masu tsada / turbines na iska
  • Kraft Heinz - pickles, sauces, mustards
  • Magna - gilashin injiniya da madubai
  • Ruwa mai kwaskwarima ya fi kyau - abin sha na ruwa mai kunshe

Fasaha da al'adu

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De Zwaan tana kan Tsibirin Windmill .

Wataƙila an fi sanin birnin saboda al'adunta na Dutch, wanda ke aiki ba kawai a matsayin wani ɓangare na asalin al'adun birni ba, har ma da tattalin arziƙin gida: Bikin Lokacin Tulip a watan Mayu da abubuwan jan hankali iri-iri na Yaren mutanen Holland suna haɓaka bakin tekun Lake Michigan da ke kusa don jan hankalin dubunnan masu yawon bude ido kowace shekara. Fiye da kashi 28% na yawan jama'ar da aka gano a matsayin 'yan asalin Holland ne.

Gidan kayan tarihi na Holland ya ƙunshi nune-nune game da tarihin birnin. Wani, gidan tarihi na Capon House, an gina shi a cikin 1874 kuma gidan kayan gargajiya ne na tarihi wanda ya taba zama magajin gari na farko na Holland, ɗan ƙasar Holland Isaac Capon. Gidan kayan tarihi na Settlers House, ginin da ya tsira daga babbar gobara, ya ƙunshi kayayyaki da kayan tarihi tun ƙarni na 19.

An jera tsakiyar garin Holland a cikin National Register of Historic Places . "Snowmelt Project" ya kafa bututu da ke jigilar ruwan dumi daga tashar wutar lantarki da ke kusa don tafiya a ƙarƙashin gari tare da manufar share tituna da tituna a cikin tsakiyar gari na duk wani dusar ƙanƙara.[16]

De Zwaan, asalin motar iska ta Dutch mai shekaru 250, tana kan Tsibirin Windmill, wurin shakatawa na gari. Tsawonta shine 125 ft (38 m) tare da 40 ft (12 m) ft (12 sails.

Holland tana alfahari da Fiesta na shekara-shekara, wanda Latin Amurkawa United for Progress suka shirya, yawanci a ranar Asabar mafi kusa da Mayu 5 (Cinco de Mayo). Holland kuma ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin bikin Tulipanes Latino Art & Film Festival na shekara-shekara, wanda ake gudanarwa don bikin gudummawar Latino ga al'ada.[17]

Addini

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An san Holland da "Birnin Ikklisiyoyi".[18] Akwai kusan majami'u 140 a cikin yankin Holland mafi girma, da yawa daga cikinsu suna tare da Ikilisiyar Reformed a Amurka da Ikilisiyoyin Kirista a Arewacin Amurka. Birnin shine gidan cocin da ya fara yanayin mundaye na "Me Yesu zai yi?" a cikin 1989.

Yawon shakatawa

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Alamar maraba da baƙi

Kowace Mayu, Holland na gudanar da bikin Tulip Time Festival na shekara-shekara. An fara dashen Tulip da bikin a cikin 1930 lokacin da aka dasa tulips 250,000 don taron.] A halin yanzu ana amfani da tulips miliyan shida a duk fadin birnin. Ana shuka tulips a kan titunan birni da yawa, a cikin wuraren shakatawa na birni da wajen gine-ginen birni da kuma wuraren shakatawa kamar ƙauyen Dutch, lambunan tsibirin Windmill mallakar birni, da kuma a wata babbar gonar tulip mai suna Veldheer Tulip Gardens. Yawancin lokaci ana yin shi a mako na biyu na Mayu, lokacin lokacin furanni na tulip. Jiragen ruwa irin su Yorktown daga Babban Tafkunan Cruising Company suna sanya Holland tashar tashar kira

Kimanin masu yawon bude ido miliyan daya suna ziyartar Tulip Time a kowace shekara, [19] wanda al'umma ke samun sabbin hanyoyin inganta ayyukan da ke da kudade. Bikin Tulip Time ya janyo hankalin manyan mutane a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kamar: Christina Aguilera a cikin 2000, O-Town a cikin 2001, Verve Pipe a cikin 2004, da Jars of Clay a cikin 2006. Ed McMahon ya ziyarci Tulip Time a 2007 tare da Bobby Vinton . Comedian Bill Cosby ya jagoranci bikin Tulip Time na 2014 . [20][21]

Holland yana kan tafkin Macatawa, kusa da gabar tafkin Michigan. An watse tare da bakin tekun akwai hanyoyin shiga bakin teku da yawa na jama'a gami da Tunnel Park da sanannen wurin shakatawa na Jihar Holland. A ko'ina cikin tashar daga Jiha Park shine Hasken Harshen Holand, wanda aka sani da "Big Red". Ƙananan rairayin bakin teku masu kusa da tafkin Michigan suna nan amma ba su da kyau. Hanyoyin shiga jama'a akai-akai akan titunan da ba su mutu ba da ke kan iyakar gabar tekun.

Gundumar cin kasuwa ta farko ta birnin tana tsakiyar titin 8th, babban titin birnin a cikin gari.[22]

Gundumar kasuwanci ta 8th Street tana da tsarin narkewar dusar ƙanƙara wanda ke amfani da ruwan sanyi daga tashar lantarki ta gida. A shekara ta 1988, birnin ya sake gina dukkan tituna da tsarin tituna, yana shigar da bututun zafi a ƙasa. Tsarin zai narke har zuwa inci daya a awa daya har zuwa 15 °.[23]

Fasaha

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  • Majalisar Fasaha ta Yankin Holland [24]

Waƙoƙi

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  • Holland Chorale, [25] ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Holland, suna gabatar da cikakken lokacin kide-kide na kiɗa mai kyau
  • Holland Symphony Orchestra, kwararru na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta mawaƙa wanda Maestro Johannes Müller-Stosch ya jagoranta.[26]

Wasanni

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Alamar Kungiyar Wasanni Ƙungiyar Wurin da ake ciki Gasar Zakarun Turai
Holland Blast Kungiyar Kwallon kwando da ta mutuKungiyar da ta mutu Kungiyar Kwando ta Duniya Cibiyar Jama'a ta Holland Babu
Kwalejin Hope Flying Dutchmen kwallon kafa Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejin Michigan Filin wasa na Ray da Sue Smith
Tulip City United SC Kwallon ƙafa Gasar Firimiya ta Tsakiyar Yamma Filin wasa na makarantar sakandare ta Holland Babu
Holland Struikrovers Kwallon ƙafa Gasar Firimiya ta Tsakiyar Yamma Filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Mac Bay Babu

Gwamnati

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Birnin Holland yana amfani da tsarin majalisa / manajan gwamnati. Ayyukan yau da kullun na birnin suna karkashin kulawar manajan birnin da ma'aikatansu. Manajan birni ne ke da alhakin zabar duk shugabannin sassan, shirya kasafin kuɗi da kula da duk ma'aikata ta hanyar nade-naden su.

Manajan birni yana aiki ne bisa jagorancin magajin gari da majalisar birni waɗanda aka zaɓa mukamai. Manajan birni na yanzu shine Keith Van Beek, tsohon mataimakin shugaban gundumar Ottawa, wanda majalisar birni ta nada a watan Fabrairu 2018.

Yarjejeniyar birni ta Holland tana buƙatar magajin gari da membobin majalisa takwas. Magajin gari yana aiki na shekaru biyu, kuma mambobi biyu na majalisa da mambobi shida na majalisa kowannensu yana aiki na tsawon shekaru hudu.

Magajin gari na yanzu shine Nathan Bocks, lauya ne na gida wanda aka zaba a watan Nuwamba 2019.

  • Mambobin majalisa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023 sune: Ward 1 - Tim Vreeman Ward 2 - Lyn Raymond Ward 3 - Bylnda Sól Ward 4 - Kim Rowan Ward 5 - Scott Corbin Ward 6 - Devin Shea At-Large - Michael Schultheis At-Lirge - Quincy Byrd
    • Wurin 1 - Tim Vreeman
    • Wurin 2 - Lyn Raymond
    • Wurin 3 - Bylnda Sól
    • Wurin 4 - Kim Rowan
    • Wurin 5 - Scott Corbin
    • Wurin 6 - Devin Shea
    • Mai Girma - Michael Schultheis
    • A Babbar Bayani - Quincy Byrd

An kirkiro Hukumar Ayyukan Jama'a ta Holland a cikin 1883. Yana samar da wutar lantarki, ruwa da kuma ayyukan shara.[27]

A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1996, Majalisar Birnin Holland ta amince da dangantakar 'yar'uwa tsakanin Querétaro" id="mwAlQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Santiago de Querétaro">Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro (Mexico), da Birnin Holland.[28]

Ilimi

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Kwalejin Hope

Cibiyoyin ilimi na sama

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  • Kwalejin Hope, kwalejin zane-zane mai zaman kanta na shekaru hudu
  • Makarantar tauhidin Yamma, makarantar digiri da sana'a
  • Jami'ar Jihar Grand Valley, tare da harabar a Holland (ƙasar da iyalin Meijer suka ba GVSU)
  • Jami'ar Davenport, tare da harabar yanki a Holland
  • Kwalejin Jama'a ta Grand Rapids, Lakeshore Campus
  • Makarantun Jama'a na Holland
  • Makarantun Jama'a na Yammacin Ottawa, waɗanda ke ba da sabis ga ƙauyuka waɗanda suka haɗa da yankin Holland da yankunan karkara na arewa
  • Makarantar Jama'a ta Black River, makarantar Yarjejeniya tare da daliban makarantar sakandare, firamare, sakandare, da sakandare
  • Kwalejin Yarjejeniyar Vanderbilt (K-8)
  • Thompson M-TEC (Koyar da Matasa), haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Gundumar Makarantar Tsakanin Yankin Ottawa da Kwalejin Al'umma ta Grand Rapids
  • Kwalejin Yarjejeniyar Eagle Crest

Makarantu masu zaman kansu

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  • Makarantun Kirista na Holland (ya haɗa da makarantar sakandare ta Holland)
  • Makarantar Katolika ta Corpus Christi
  • Makarantun Calvary na Holland
  • Makarantar Adventist ta Holland ta bakwai

Sufuri

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Filin jirgin saman Yammacin Michigan ne ke kula da birnin, Filin jirgin saman Park Township ya rufe a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, 2020. Filin jirgin saman ba ya aiki da masu jigilar kasuwanci na yau da kullun; filin jirgin sama mafi kusa tare da sabis na jirgin sama shine Gerald R. Ford International Airport a Grand Rapids, Michigan, kimanin 35 mi (56 km) arewa maso gabas.

Har ila yau, ana ba da sabis na Amtrak na yau da kullun (Pere Marquette) gabas zuwa Grand Rapids da yamma zuwa Chicago tare da haɗi zuwa duk maki gabas da yamma.

Birnin da kewayen yankin suna aiki da tsarin sufuri na MAX (Macatawa Area Express), wanda ke ba da sabis na bas mai sauri da buƙata, wanda ke haɗa sassa daban-daban na birnin da kuma wuraren kasuwanci, kiwon lafiya da gwamnati a waje da birnin. Wannan sabis ɗin ya samo asali ne daga tsohon tsarin "Dial-A-Ride Transportation" (DART).

Birnin yana aiki da manyan hanyoyi masu zuwa:

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  • Lua error a Module:Jct, layi na 204: attempt to concatenate local 'link' (a boolean value).
  • Lua error a Module:Jct, layi na 204: attempt to concatenate local 'link' (a boolean value).
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Tashar tsakanin Tafkin Macatawa da Tafkin Michigan tana ba da damar yin nishaɗi da jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci, har ma da manyan jigilar kaya, don samun damar tashar jiragen ruwa na Holland don sauke kwal, gishiri da ƙarfe.

Jaridu

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  • Holland Sentinel, jaridar yau da kullun ta Holland / fitowar kan layi
  • Grand Rapids Press, wanda a baya ke kula da gidan labarai na Holland da ofishin watsa labarai

Holland ita ce garinsu na masu karɓar lambar yabo ta girmamawa guda huɗu [29] (wanda aka haɗa da Pueblo, Colorado, [30] duka biyu fiye da kowane gari a Amurka): John Essebagger Jr., Paul Ronald Lambers, Matt Urban, da Gordon Douglas Yntema .  

  1. ↑ Thomson, S. Harrison (March 1952). "The Brethren of the Common Life. By Albert Hyma. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans Publishing Co. 1950. Pp. 222. $3.50". Church History. 21 (1): 80–81. doi:10.2307/3162077. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 3162077. S2CID 161497248.
  2. ↑ Robert P. Swierenga (March 13, 1997). "By the Sweat of our Brow: Economic Aspects of the Dutch Immigration to Michigan". swierenga.com. Museum Sesquicentennial Lecture Series. A.C. Van Raalte Institute for Historical Studies, Hope College. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  3. ↑ Water, Randy Vande. "On the way to today". The Holland Sentinel (in Turanci). Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  4. ↑ Vercruijsse, E. V. W.; Lucas, Henry S. (April 1958). "Dutch Immigrant Memoirs and Related Writings". American Sociological Review. 23 (2): 237. doi:10.2307/2089038. ISSN 0003-1224. JSTOR 2089038.
  5. ↑ Robert P. Swierenga and William Van Appledorn (2007). "Old Wing Mission: The Chronicles of the Reverend George N. and Arvilla Powers Smith, Missionary Teachers of Chief Wakazoo's Ottawa Indian Band in Western Michigan, 1838-1849". swierenga.com. A.C. Van Raalte Institute for Historical Studies, Hope College. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  6. ↑ Grand Rapids Community Media Center. "Ottawa Band Seasonal Travel Map". History Grand Rapids. Archived from the original on 2025-02-25. Retrieved 2025-08-08.
  7. ↑ Wilkins, A. (March 29, 2012). "October 8, 1871: The Night America Burned". io9. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on November 25, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  8. ↑ NOAA. "The Great Midwest Wildfires of 1871". www.weather.gov (in Turanci). US Department of Commerce. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Muyskens, Carolyn. "150 years ago, 'a sea of fire' devastated Holland". The Holland Sentinel (in Turanci). Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  10. ↑ Wyngarden, Dale (April 3, 2023). "Holland history: The Great Fire of 1871". The Lakeshore (in Turanci). Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  11. ↑ "USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map". United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  12. ↑ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Holland city, Michigan".
  13. ↑ "US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 8, 2024.
  14. ↑ "How many people live in Holland city, Michigan". USA Today. Retrieved July 8, 2024.
  15. ↑ McGuire, Justine. "Johnson Controls to leave automotive business in October, affecting one Holland plant".
  16. ↑ "The History In the 80's, downtown Holland found itself facing the same struggles and challenges as most downtowns across the coun". www.holland.org. Retrieved 2024-08-30.
  17. ↑ Staff Writer. "Tulipanes Latino Art and Film Festival Gala". The Holland Sentinel (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-08-30.
  18. ↑ "Holland, Michigan". citytowninfo.com. April 15, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  19. ↑ Frost Research Center (Summer 2018). "Tulip Time Festival Attendance and Economic Impact Report" (PDF). IMPLAM. 1: 40.
  20. ↑ "How Bill Cosby left Tulip Time audiences laughing in back-to-back sold-out shows". www.mlive.com. May 10, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Comedian Bill Cosby comes to Tulip Time". www.hollandsentinel.com.
  22. ↑ "Shop". Downtown Holland. Retrieved June 23, 2025.
  23. ↑ Grimes, Ryan (March 22, 2016). "Holland's heated sidewalks, streets were a gamble that seems to have paid off". Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  24. ↑ "Holland Area Arts Council". Holland Area Arts Council.
  25. ↑ "Holland Chorale". Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  26. ↑ "Holland Symphony Orchestra of Holland Michigan". Holland Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  27. ↑ "Holland BPW History". Archived from the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
  28. ↑ "City of Holland International Relations Commission".[permanent dead link]
  29. ↑ "HOLLAND'S CONGRESSIONAL MEDAL OF HONOR RECIPIENTS" (PDF). Holland Museum. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
  30. ↑ "PUEBLO HOME OF HEROES ASSOCIATION". Retrieved March 30, 2022.
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holland,_Michigan&oldid=700939"