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Holocene

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Holocene
epoch (en) Fassara da series (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Bangare na Quaternary (en) Fassara da ICS Standard Global Chronostratigraphic (Geochronologic) Scale (en) Fassara
IPA transcription (en) Fassara /ˈhɒl.əsiːn/
Named by (en) Fassara Paul Gervais (mul) Fassara
Mabiyi Pleistocene (en) Fassara
Ta biyo baya no value
Lokacin farawa 9701 "BCE"
Lokacin gamawa no value
Gagarumin taron Iron Age Cold Epoch (en) Fassara, Middle Bronze Age Cold Epoch (en) Fassara, Medieval Warm Period (en) Fassara da Yanayin yanayi mafi kyau na Holocene
SRGB color hex triplet (en) Fassara FEEBD2

Holocene (/ˈhɒl.əsiːn, -oʊ-, ˈhoʊ.lə-, -loʊ-/) shine zamanin ilimin ƙasa na yanzu, wanda ya fara kimanin shekaru 11,700 da suka gabata. [1] Ya biyo bayan Lokacin Glacial na Ƙarshe, wanda ya ƙare tare da koma baya na Holocene.[1] Holocene da Pleistocene da suka gabata tare sun samar da lokacin Quaternary.[2] Holocene wani lokaci ne na Interglacial a cikin ci gaba da zagaye na Quaternary, kuma daidai yake da Marine Isotope Stage 1.

Holocene yana da alaƙa da matsakaicin axial na ƙarshe ruwa ga Sun na kuskuren Duniya. Holocene ya dace da saurin yaduwa, girma, da tasirin jinsunan mutane a duk duniya, gami da duk tarihin rubuce-rubucensa, Juyin juya halin fasaha, ci gaban manyan wayewa, da kuma sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci zuwa rayuwar birane a yanzu. Za'a iya la'akari da tasirin ɗan adam a kan Duniya ta zamani da tsarin halittu na duniya don juyin halitta na gaba na jinsunan rayuwa, gami da kusan shaidar lithospheric, ko kuma kwanan nan shaidar hydrospheric da yanayi na tasirin ɗan adam.

Bayan halakawar mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa na duniya a waje da Afirka a lokacin da ya gabata na Late Pleistocene, yanayin halittu na Holocene ya ci gaba da tasiri ta hanyar halakawa (halakawar Holocene mai gudana), galibi na haifar da mutum.

A watan Yulin 2018, Ƙungiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya ta raba Holocene Epoch zuwa shekaru uku daban-daban bisa ga yanayi, Greenlandian (shekaru 11,700 da suka gabata zuwa shekaru 8,200 da suka gabata), Northgrippian (shekara 8,200 da ta gabata zuwa shekaru 4,200 da suka wuce) da Meghalayan (shekaro 4,200 da ta baya zuwa yanzu), kamar yadda Hukumar Kasa da Kasa ta gabatar. Tsohon zamani, Greenlandian, an nuna shi ta hanyar dumama bayan zamanin kankara da ya gabata. An san zamanin Arewacin Grippian da sanyaya mai yawa saboda rushewar yaduwar teku wanda ya haifar da narkewar kankara. Shekarar Holocene ta baya-bayan nan ita ce Meghalayan na yanzu, wanda ya fara da matsanancin fari wanda ya kai kimanin shekaru 200.[3]

Magana

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kalmar Holocene an kafa ta ne daga kalmomi biyu na Tsohon Girkanci. Hólos ita ce kalmar Helenanci don "dukan". "Cene" ya fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci Kainos (καινός), ma'ana "sabon". Manufar ita ce wannan zamanin "sabon ne". [4] [5] Ana amfani da ma'anar '-cene' ga dukkan lokutan bakwai na zamanin Cenozoic.

Bayani na gaba ɗaya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hukumar Kasa da Kasa kan Stratigraphy ta bayyana HoloCE kamar yadda ya fara kimanin shekaru 11,700 kafin 2000 AZ (shekaru 11,650 BP, ko 9,700 KZ). [1] Kwamitin a kan Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) ya ɗauki kalmar 'kwanan nan' a matsayin hanyar da ba daidai ba ta magana game da Holocene, ya fi son kalmar 'zamani' maimakon bayyana hanyoyin yanzu. Har ila yau, ya lura cewa ana iya amfani da kalmar 'Flandrian' a matsayin ma'anar Holocene, kodayake yana zama tsohon yayi.[6] Hukumar Kasa da Kasa kan Stratigraphy, duk da haka, ta dauki Holocene a matsayin lokacin da ya biyo bayan Pleistocene kuma musamman bayan lokacin glacial na ƙarshe. Sunayen gida na lokacin ƙarshe sun haɗa da Wisconsinan a Arewacin Amurka, Weichselian a Turai, Devensian a Burtaniya, [7] Llanquihue a Chile [8] da Otiran a New Zealand.[9][10][11]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. 1 2 3 Walker, Mike; Johnsen, Sigfus; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Popp, Trevor; Steffensen, Jorgen-Peder; Gibrard, Phil; Hoek, Wim; Lowe, John; Andrews, John; Bjo Rck, Svante; Cwynar, Les C.; Hughen, Konrad; Kersahw, Peter; Kromer, Bernd; Litt, Thomas (2009). "Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records" (PDF). Journal of Quaternary Science. 24 (1): 3–17. Bibcode:2009JQS....24....3W. doi:10.1002/jqs.1227. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-11-04. Retrieved 2013-09-03. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Walker, M. 2009. pp. 3" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Fan, Junxuan; Hou, Xudong. "International Chronostratigraphic Chart". International Commission on Stratigraphy. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Amos-20182
  4. ↑ "Origin and meaning of Holocene". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2019-08-08. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
  5. ↑ "Origin and meaning of suffix -cene". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2019-08-08. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
  6. ↑ James G. Invalid |url-status=Schmitz (help); Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help).
  7. ↑ Clayton, Lee; Moran, Stephen R. (1982). "Chronology of late wisconsinan glaciation in middle North America". Quaternary Science Reviews. 1 (1): 55–82. Bibcode:1982QSRv....1...55C. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(82)90019-1.
  8. ↑ Svendsen, John Inge; Astakhov, Valery I.; Bolshiyanov, Dimitri Yu.; Demidov, Igor; Dowdeswell, Julian A.; Gataullin, Valery; Hjort, Christian; Hubberten, Hans W.; Larsen, Eiliv; Mangerud, Jan; Melles, Martin; Moller, Per; Saarnisto, Matti; Siegert, Martin J. (March 1999). "Maximum extent of the Eurasian ice sheets in the Barents and Kara Sea region during the Weichselian" (PDF). Boreas. 28 (1): 234–242. Bibcode:1999Borea..28..234S. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3885.1999.tb00217.x. S2CID 34659675. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-12. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  9. ↑ Eyles, Nicholas; McCabe, A. Marshall (1989). "The Late Devensian (<22,000 BP) Irish Sea Basin: The sedimentary record of a collapsed ice sheet margin". Quaternary Science Reviews. 8 (4): 307–351. Bibcode:1989QSRv....8..307E. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(89)90034-6.
  10. ↑ Denton, G. H.; Lowell, T. V.; Heusser, C. J.; Schluchter, C.; Andersern, B. G.; Heusser, Linda E.; Moreno, P. I.; Marchant, D. R. (1999). "Geomorphology, stratigraphy, and radiocarbon chronology of LlanquihueDrift in the area of the Southern Lake District, Seno Reloncavi, and Isla Grande de Chiloe, Chile" (PDF). Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography. 81A (2): 167–229. Bibcode:1999GeAnA..81..167D. doi:10.1111/j.0435-3676.1999.00057.x. S2CID 7626031. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-02-12.
  11. ↑ Newnham, R. M.; Vandergoes, M. J.; Hendy, C. H.; Lowe, D. J.; Preusser, F. (February 2007). "A terrestrial palynological record for the last two glacial cycles from southwestern New Zealand". Quaternary Science Reviews. 26 (3–4): 517–535. Bibcode:2007QSRv...26..517N. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.05.005.
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