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Hoodoo (geology)

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Hoodoo (geology)
natural geographic object (en) Fassara da Ilimin Kimiyyar Juyin Sifar Kasa (Geomorphology)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na ƙasa da landform (en) Fassara
Has cause (en) Fassara zaizayar kasa
Hoodoos a cikin Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah

hoodoo (wanda kuma ake kira dutse na alfarwa, murhu mai ban sha'awa, ko dala ta ƙasa) tsayi ne, mai laushi na dutse wanda aka kafa ta hanyar rushewa. Hoodoos yawanci suna kunshe da dutse mai laushi wanda aka ɗora shi da dutse mafi wuya, wanda ba shi da sauƙin lalacewa wanda ke kare kowane shafi daga abubuwa. Yawanci suna samuwa a cikin dutse mai laushi da dutsen dutse.

Hoodoos suna da girman daga tsawo na matsakaicin mutum zuwa tsawo fiye da ginin bene 10. Siffofin Hoodoo suna shafar alamu na rushewa na sauyawa mai wuya da mai laushi. Ma'adanai da aka ajiye a cikin nau'ikan dutse daban-daban na iya haifar da hoodoos su sami launuka daban-daban a duk tsawon su.

Magana

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A wasu yankuna na yammacin Arewacin Amurka ana kiran waɗannan gine-ginen dutse Hoodoo. Hoodoo ya fito ne daga kalmar Kudancin Paiute, oo'doo, wanda ke nufin wani abu mai ban tsoro ko ya haifar da tsoro.[1][2] Hoodoos sun kasance wani ɓangare na wasu tatsuniyoyi na 'yan asalin Amurka a kudu maso yammacin Amurka. Misali, hoodoos a cikin Bryce Canyon National Park an dauke su da ragowar tsoffin halittu waɗanda aka ba su izini saboda mummunar hali.[3] Duk da irin wannan sunan, kalmar ga waɗannan tsarin dutse ba ta da alaƙa da ruhaniya ta Hoodoo.

Abubuwan da suka faru

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Hoodoos a cikin Sierra de Órganos National Park, Mexico

Ana samun Hoodoos galibi a cikin hamada a wuraren da suka bushe, wurare masu zafi. A cikin amfani na yau da kullun, bambancin tsakanin hoodoos da pinnacles (ko spires) shine cewa hoodoos suna da kauri mai canzawa sau da yawa ana bayyana su da "jiki mai kama da katako". A spire, duk da haka, yana da wani m profile ko uniform kauri cewa ta ragu daga ƙasa zuwa sama.

Gidan shakatawa na Goblin Valley, Utah

Ana samun tsarin Hoodoo a kan Colorado Plateau da yankunan Badland na arewacin Great Plains (duka a Arewacin Amurka). Duk da yake hoodoos sun warwatse a duk waɗannan yankuna, babu inda suke da yawa a duniya kamar yadda suke a yankin arewacin Bryce Canyon National Park, wanda ke cikin jihar Utah ta Amurka.[4] Hoodoos kuma sanannun ne da ke da nisan kilomita ɗari a Goblin Valley State Park a gefen gabas na San Rafael Swell, a Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument a arewacin tsakiyar Mexico" id="mwRg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="New Mexico">New Mexico, da kuma Chiricahua National Monument na kudu maso gabashin Arizona.[5] Ana samun wasu hoodoos a Sombrerete, Mexico a filin shakatawa na Sierra de Organos .

Duwatsun alfarwa (peribacası) kusa da Çavuşin, Cappadocia, Turkiyya

Ana kuma samun Hoodoos a yankin Cappadocia na Turkiyya, inda aka sassaƙa gidaje a cikin tsari. Wadannan hoodoos an nuna su a baya sabon takardar kudi na Turkish 50 lira na 2005-2009. [6]

Hoodoos a Hin Khndzoresk, Armenia

A Armenia, ana samun hoodoos a Goris, Khndzoresk, Hin Khot da wasu wurare da yawa a cikin marz na Syunik, inda aka taɓa sassaƙa da yawa kuma an zauna ko amfani da su.

'Yan mata masu gashi na Pontis, kudancin Faransa

A cikin Faransanci, ana kiran tsarin demoiselles coiffées (mata tare da gashi) ko cheminées de fées (swakuna) kuma ana samun da yawa a cikin Alpes-de-Haute-Provence; ɗayan sanannun misalai shine tsarin da ake kira Demoiselles Coiffées de Pontis .

Duwatsun hoodoo a arewacin gabar tekun Taiwan ba su da kyau ga yanayin bakin tekun. Duwatsun sun samo asali ne yayin da asalin teku ya tashi da sauri daga teku a lokacin zamanin Miocene.[7] An yi ƙoƙari don jinkirta lalacewa a cikin yanayin samfurori masu daraja a Wanli.

Ginshiƙan Awa Sand a cikin Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, hoodoos ne da aka yi daga yadudduka na dutse da sandstone.

Lavolja Varoš (Garin Iblis) hoodoos a Serbia suna da kimanin 200 da aka bayyana a matsayin pyramids na ƙasa ko hasumiyoyi da mazauna yankin suka yi. Tun daga shekara ta 1959, jihar ta kare Lavolja Varoš. Shafin kuma ya kasance dan takara a cikin New Seven Wonders of Nature campaign. [8]

Hoodoos a Drumheller, Alberta, sun hada da yumɓu da yashi da aka ajiye tsakanin shekaru miliyan 70 zuwa 75 da suka gabata a Lokacin Cretaceous Period. Wadannan hoodoos na iya kula da bayyanar ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman yayin da tushe na asali ya lalace da sauri idan aka kwatanta da manyan duwatsu a kusan kusan santimita ɗaya a kowace shekara, da sauri fiye da yawancin tsarin ilimin ƙasa.[9]

Kafawa

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Lavolja Varoš (Garin Iblis) a cikin Serbia - wani dutse mai fitattun wuta tare da kawunan andesite

Hoodoos yawanci suna samuwa a yankunan da wani nau'i mai laushi na dutse mai laushi, kamar laka, sandstone mara kyau, ko tuff (mai ƙarfi na dutse), an rufe shi da wani nau-nau'i na dutse, kamar sandstone mai laushi. A cikin kwarin tsaunuka masu tsaunuka da ke da dusar ƙanƙara na iya zama glacial har zuwa tare da duwatsu masu kariya suna zama manyan duwatsu a cikin till. Bayan lokaci, tsagewa a cikin tsayayyen Layer yana ba da damar dutse mai laushi da ke ƙasa ya lalace kuma ya wanke. Hoodoos suna samuwa inda karamin murfin mai tsayayya ya kasance, kuma yana kare wani kwano na Layer mai laushi daga rushewa. Babban murfin da ke matsawa ƙasa yana ba da ƙarfin hoodoo don tsayayya da rushewa.[10] Tare da lokaci, rushewar layin mai laushi yana haifar da murfin ya ragu, a ƙarshe ya faɗi, kuma ragowar ƙwanƙwasawa da sauri.[11]

Yawanci, hoodoos suna samuwa daga matakai na yanayi waɗanda ke ci gaba da aiki tare wajen lalata gefen dutse da aka sani da fin. Misali, ƙarfin yanayi na farko a Bryce Canyon shine sanyi. Hoodoos a Bryce Canyon suna fuskantar fiye da 200 freeze-thaw cycles a kowace shekara. A cikin hunturu, dusar ƙanƙara mai narkewa, a cikin ruwa, yana shiga cikin tsagewa sannan ya daskare da dare. Lokacin da ruwa ya daskare, yana fadada kusan kashi 10%, yana buɗe ramuka bit-by-bit, yana mai da su ma da faɗi, kamar yadda rami ke samuwa a cikin hanya mai kyau.

Baya ga sanyi, ruwan sama wani tsari ne na yanayi wanda ke haifar da rushewa. A mafi yawan wurare a yau, ruwan sama yana da ɗan acid, wanda ke barin carbonic acid mai rauni a hankali ya narkar da hatsi na dutse da hatsi. Wannan tsari ne wanda ke kewaye da gefen hoodoos kuma yana ba su bayanan su masu yawa. Inda laka na ciki da siltstone layers katse dutse, mutum na iya sa ran dutsen ya fi tsayayya da yanayin sinadarai saboda rashin dutse. Yawancin hoodoos masu ɗorewa suna rufe su da wani nau'i na musamman na dutse mai wadataccen magnesium da ake kira dolomite. Dolomite, wanda aka ƙarfafa shi da ma'adinai na magnesium, yana narkewa a hankali sosai, kuma saboda haka yana kare dutse mai rauni a ƙarƙashinsa. Ruwan sama kuma shine babban tushen rushewa (cire tarkace). A lokacin rani, ruwan sama mai yawa yana tafiya ta yankin Bryce Canyon yana kawo ruwan sama mai ƙarfi na ɗan gajeren lokaci.[12]

Progressive erosion producing plateau, fin, window (or arch), and hoodoos
Orgues na Ile-sur-Têt, Kudancin Faransa

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Chen, Eve. "'You need a word at least as strong as magic' to describe Bryce Canyon National Park". USA TODAY (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-12-01.
  2. ↑ "Bryce Point". National Park Service. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-12-02.
  3. ↑ "American Indian History". Brice Canyon National Park, Utah. National Park Service. 23 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  4. ↑ "Geologic Formations – Bryce Canyon National Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-08-21.
  5. ↑ "Chiricahua National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-08-13.
  6. ↑ Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. "E8 – Fifty New Turkish Lira". Tcmb.gov.tr. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  7. ↑ Hong, Eason; Huang, Eugene (February 2001). "Formation of the pedestal rocks in the Taliao Formation, northern coast of Taiwan" (PDF). Western Pacific Earth Sciences. 1 (1): 99–106. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Djavolja Varos, Rock Formation". New 7 Wonders. Archived from the original on July 9, 2009. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  9. ↑ Royal Tyrrell Museum. "Hoodoos". Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  10. ↑ Bruthans, Jiri; Soukup, Jan; Vaculikova, Jana; Filippi, Michal; Schweigstillova, Jana; Mayo, Alan L.; Masin, David; Kletetschka, Gunther; Rihosek, Jaroslav (July 2014). "Sandstone landforms shaped by negative feedback between stress and erosion". Nature Geoscience (in Turanci). 7 (8): 597–601. Bibcode:2014NatGe...7..597B. doi:10.1038/ngeo2209. ISSN 1752-0908.
  11. ↑ Yilmaz, H.M.; Yakar, M.; Mutluoglu, O.; Kavurmaci, M.M.; Yurt, K. (2012). "Monitoring of soil erosion in Cappadocia region (Selime-Aksaray-Turkey)". Environmental Earth Sciences. Springer. 66 (1): 75–81. Bibcode:2012EES....66...75Y. doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1208-4. S2CID 140180182.
  12. ↑ "Hoodoos". nps.gov. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
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