Huda Sha'arawi
 Huda Sha'arawi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Minya (en)  , 23 ga Yuni, 1879 |
| ƙasa |
Daular Usmaniyya Sultanate of Egypt (en) Kingdom of Egypt (en) |
| Mutuwa | Kairo, 12 Disamba 1947 |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Mohammed Sultan |
| Abokiyar zama |
Q12228109 |
| Ƴan uwa |
view
|
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna |
Egyptian Arabic (en) Turkanci Faransanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa, social activist (en) , maiwaƙe da ɗan jarida |
| Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
| Mamba |
Egyptian Feminist Union (en) |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Musulunci |
Huda Sha'arawi ko Hoda Sha'rawi (Arabic, ALA-LC: ; 23 Yuni 1879 - 12 Disamba 1947) ta kasance jagorar mata ta Masar, mai ba da izini, mai kishin kasa, kuma wanda ya kafa Kungiyar Mata ta Masar .
Rayuwa ta farko da aure
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Huda Sha'arawi da sunan Nour Al-Huda Mohamed Sultan Shaarawi a garin Minya da ke Upper Egypt, a cikin fitacciyar dangin Shaarawi na Masar. Mahaifinta, Muhamed Sultan Pasha Shaarawi, daga baya ya zama shugaban majalisar wakilan Masar. Mahaifiyarta, Iqbal Hanim, ta samo asali daga kabilar Circassian kuma an turo ta daga yankin Caucasus zuwa Masar don ta zauna tare da kawunta.
Sha'arawi ta fara karatu tun tana ƙanana tare da ‘yan uwanta maza, inda ta koya fannoni daban-daban kamar nahawu da rubutu cikin harsuna da dama. Ta girma a cikin wani keɓantaccen al'umma na masu arziki a Masar. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta, babbar danginta, Ali Shaarawi, ya karɓi nauyin kula da ita.
A lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha uku, ta auri dan uwanta Ali Sha'arawi, wanda Sultan ya kira shi mai kula da 'ya'yansa da kuma mai kula da dukiyarsa. A cewar masanin Gabas ta Tsakiya Margot Badran, "rabuwa da mijinta ya ba ta lokaci don ingantaccen ilimi, da kuma ɗanɗano na 'yancin kai ba zato ba tsammani. " malamai mata a Alkahira sun koya mata kuma sun karɓi koyarwa. Sha'arawi ya rubuta waka a cikin Larabci da Faransanci. Sha'arawi daga baya ta ba da labarin rayuwarta ta farko a cikin tarihinta, Modhakkerātī ("My Memoir") wanda aka fassara kuma aka taƙaita cikin Turanci Harem Years: The Memoirs of an Egyptian Feminist, 1879-1924 .
Ƙasashen waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Juyin Juya Halin Masar na 1919 zanga-zangar da mata ke jagoranta ce da ke ba da shawara ga 'yancin Masar daga Burtaniya da kuma sakin shugabannin maza masu kishin kasa.[1] Membobin manyan mata na Masar, kamar Sha'arawi, sun jagoranci taron masu zanga-zangar yayin da mata da mata masu karkara suka ba da taimako kuma shiga cikin zanga-zambe na titi tare da masu gwagwarmayar maza.[2] Sha'arawi ta yi aiki tare da mijinta a lokacin juyin juya halin yayin da yake tsaye a matsayin mukaddashin mataimakin shugaban Wafd; Pasha Sha'araui ya sanar da ita don ta iya maye gurbinsa idan an kama shi ko wasu mambobin Wafd. Kwamitin Tsakiya na Mata na Wafdist (WWCC), wanda ke da alaƙa da Wafd, an kafa shi ne a ranar 12 ga Janairun 1920, biyo bayan zanga-zangar a 1919. Yawancin matan da suka halarci zanga-zangar sun zama membobin kwamitin, sun zabi Sha'arawi a matsayin shugabanta na farko.
A cikin 1938, Sha'arawi da EFU sun dauki nauyin Taron Mata na Gabas don Tsaron Falasdinu a Alkahira.[3]
A shekara ta 1945 ta sami Order of Virtues .
Mata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin].jpg)
A wannan lokacin, mata a Misira an tsare su a cikin gida ko harem wanda ta kalli a matsayin tsarin baya sosai. Sha'arawi ya yi fushi da irin wannan ƙuntatawa ga ƙungiyoyin mata, kuma saboda haka ya fara shirya laccoci ga mata a kan batutuwan da suke sha'awa. Wannan ya kawo mata da yawa daga gidajensu zuwa wuraren jama'a a karon farko, kuma Sha'arawi ta iya shawo kansu don taimaka mata ta kafa kungiyar kula da lafiyar mata don tara kudi ga matalauta na Masar. A cikin 1910, Sha'arawi ta buɗe makaranta ga 'yan mata inda ta mai da hankali kan koyar da batutuwa na ilimi maimakon ƙwarewa ta amfani kamar haihuwa.[4]
Sha'arawi ta yanke shawarar daina sanya hijabi ta gargajiya bayan mutuwar mijinta a 1922. Bayan dawowa daga Taron 9 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Mata a Roma, ta cire mayaƙanta da mayaƙanta, wani abu mai alama a tarihin mata na Masar. Mata da suka zo su gaishe ta sun firgita da farko sannan suka shiga cikin bulala kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun cire mayaƙansu da riguna.
A cikin shekaru goma na aikin Huda na rashin amincewa, yawancin matan Masar sun daina sanya mayafi da riguna na shekaru da yawa har sai wani motsi na baya ya faru. Shawararta ta cire mayafinta da mayafinta wani bangare ne na babban motsi na mata, kuma 'yar asalin Faransa mai suna Eugénie Le Brun ce ta rinjaye ta, amma ta bambanta da wasu masu tunani na mata kamar Malak Hifni Nasif . A cikin 1923, Sha Canal ya kafa kuma ya zama shugaban farko na Kungiyar Mata ta Masar. Halin mata masu sassaucin ra'ayi a farkon karni na ashirin, EFU ta nemi sake fasalin dokokin da ke hana 'yancin mutum, kamar aure, saki, da kula da yara.[5]
Ko da a matsayin budurwa, ta nuna 'yancinta ta hanyar shiga wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki a Alexandria don sayen tufafinta maimakon kawo su gidanta. Ta taimaka wajen shirya Mubarrat Muhammad Ali, kungiyar kula da jama'a ta mata, a cikin 1909 da kuma kungiyar Intellectual Association of Egyptian Women a cikin 1914, shekarar da ta yi tafiya zuwa Turai a karon farko. Ta taimaka wajen jagorantar zanga-zangar mata ta farko a kan titi a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Masar na 1919, kuma an zabe ta shugabar kwamitin mata na Wafdist. Ta fara gudanar da tarurruka na yau da kullun ga mata a gidanta, kuma daga wannan, an haifi Kungiyar Mata ta Masar. Ta ƙaddamar da mujallar mako biyu, L'Égyptienne a cikin 1925, don yada dalilin.
Ta jagoranci zanga-zangar mata na Masar a bude majalisar a watan Janairun 1924 kuma ta gabatar da jerin bukatun kasa da mata, wadanda gwamnatin Wafdist ta yi watsi da su, inda ta yi murabus daga kwamitin tsakiya na mata na Wafdist. [ana buƙatar hujja]Ta ci gaba da jagorantar kungiyar mata ta Masar har zuwa mutuwarta, ta buga mujallar mata ta l'Egyptienne (da el-Masreyya), kuma ta wakilci Masar a taron mata a Graz, Paris, Amsterdam, Berlin, Marseilles, Istanbul, Brussels, Budapest, Copenhagen, Interlaken, da Geneva. [ana buƙatar hujja]Ta ba da shawarar zaman lafiya da kuma kawar da makamai. Ko da yake an cika wasu bukatun da take bukata a lokacin rayuwarta, ta kafa tushe don samun nasarorin da matan Masar suka samu daga baya kuma ta kasance mai ɗaukar ma'auni na alama don ƙungiyar 'yanci. Da'awar cewa ta ci gaba da sanya manzo karya ne. Hotunan da ta ci gaba da sanya mayafi an ƙirƙira su. An tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar bidiyo na ainihi da hotuna. Wannan kuma an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa babu wata mata da ke sanye da riguna a lokacinta.
Sha'arawi ta sami babban tarihin rayuwa na harshen Ingilishi daga Sania Sharawi Lanfranchi a cikin 2012.
Ganawarta da Atatürk
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An gudanar da taron mata na kasa da kasa na goma sha biyu a Istanbul, Turkiyya a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1935, kuma Huda Sha'arawi ita ce shugabar kuma memba na mata goma sha biyu. Taron ya zabi Huda a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kungiyar mata ta kasa da kasa kuma ya dauki Atatürk a matsayin abin koyi ga ita da ayyukansa.
Ta rubuta a cikin tarihinta: "Bayan taron Istanbul ya ƙare, mun karɓi gayyatar halartar bikin da Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, mai 'yanci na Turkiyya ta zamani ya gudanar. A cikin salon da ke kusa da ofishinsa, wakilai da aka gayyata sun tsaya a cikin nau'in semicircle, kuma bayan 'yanci ya buɗe kuma ya shiga Atatürki ya zo da babbar murya mai girma ga ƙasashe, kuma ya gode. Mai Girma sun yi muku, lokacin da ita, ina neman ku, ina magana ta Turkiyya ta gaba da ita ce ta gaba da kai tsaye ga kowane irin wannan fitowar Turkiyya, ina neman shi, ina nufin nan kuma ina nufin ita ce: A wurin da ita ce: "A nan take, nan take, ina ganin tsohuwar yarinyar Turkiyya mai suna nemanmu mai suna ga wannan fitowar ita ce, ina ganin ita ce, nan take tana girmamawa ga ita ce, ita ce, tana nufin ita ce, 'yanci' yarinyar Turkiya ce, ina nufin' yarinyar nan take, ita ce yarinyar Turkiyar Turkiyya mai daraja ga ita ce: 'yanci ta Turkiyya mai girma da
Taimako
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sha'arawi ta shiga cikin ayyukan agaji a duk rayuwarta. A cikin 1909, ta kirkiro kungiyar taimakon jama'a ta farko da matan Masar (Mabarrat Muhammad 'Ali) ke gudanarwa, tana ba da sabis na zamantakewa ga mata da yara matalauta. Ta yi jayayya cewa ayyukan ayyukan ayyukan ayyukan zamantakewa na mata suna da mahimmanci saboda dalilai biyu. Na farko, ta hanyar shiga cikin irin waɗannan ayyukan, mata za su fadada sararin su, samun ilimi mai amfani kuma su mai da hankali ga waje. Na biyu, irin waɗannan ayyukan za su kalubalanci ra'ayin cewa duk mata halittu ne na jin da ke buƙatar kariya. Da yake riƙe da ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa game da rayuwar matalauta, ta kalli su a matsayin masu karɓar ayyukan zamantakewa, ba za a tuntube su game da fifiko ko burin ba. Masu arziki, bi da bi, sun kasance "masu tsaron da masu kare al'umma". [Wannan magana tana buƙatar ambaton]
Kyauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sha'arawi an nuna shi a cikin waƙar "The Lioness" ta mawaƙin mawaƙa na Ingila Frank Turner a cikin kundin sa na 2019 No Man's Land . [6]
A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2020, Google ta yi bikin ranar haihuwarta ta 141 tare da Google Doodle . [7]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Gidajen wallafe-wallafen mata da al'ummomi a duniyar Larabawa
- Jerin masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata
- Jerin lokaci na mata na farko a cikin kasashe masu rinjaye
- Tsarin lokaci na haƙƙin doka na mata (ban da jefa kuri'a)
- Jerin lokaci na zaɓen mata
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Allam, Nermin (2017). "Women and Egypt's National Struggles". Women and the Egyptian Revolution: Engagement in Activism During the 2011 Arab Uprisings. Cambridge: Cambridge UP: 26–47. doi:10.1017/9781108378468.002. ISBN 9781108378468. S2CID 189697797.
- ↑ Allam, Nermin (2017). "Women and Egypt's National Struggles". Women and the Egyptian Revolution: Engagement and Activism During the 2011 Arab Uprisings: 32.
- ↑ Weber, Charlotte (Winter 2008). "Between Nationalism and Feminism: The Eastern Women's Congresses of 1930 and 1932". Journal of Middle East Women's Studies. 4 (1): 100. doi:10.2979/mew.2008.4.1.83. S2CID 145785010.
- ↑ Engel, Keri (12 November 2012). "Huda Shaarawi, Egyptian feminist & activist". Amazing Women In History. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- ↑ Weber, Charlotte (Winter 2008). "Between Nationalism and Feminism: The Eastern Women's Congresses of 1930 and 1932". Journal of Middle East Women's Studies. 4 (1): 84. doi:10.2979/mew.2008.4.1.83. JSTOR 10.2979/mew.2008.4.1.83. S2CID 145785010.
- ↑ "Frank Turner – No Man's Land – LP+ – Rough Trade". Rough Trade. Archived from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ↑ "Huda Sha'arawi's 141st Birthday". Google. 23 June 2020.
Haɗin waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]