Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Amurka

Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Amurka
Bayanai
Suna a hukumance	United States Atomic Energy Commission
Gajeren suna	AEC
Iri	United States federal agency (en)
Ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Mulki
Shugaba	Dixy Lee Ray (mul) , James R. Schlesinger (en) , Glenn T. Seaborg (mul) , John A. McCone (mul) , Lewis Strauss (mul) , Gordon Dean (mul) da David E. Lilienthal (en)
Hedkwata	Germantown (en) da Washington, D.C.
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira	1 ga Augusta, 1946
Dissolved	19 ga Janairu, 1975

Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Amurka (AEC) hukuma ce ta gwamnatin Amurka da aka kafa bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II ta Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka don ingantawa da sarrafa ci gaban lokacin zaman lafiya na kimiyyar nukiliya da fasaha. Shugaba Harry S. Truman ya sanya hannu kan Dokar McMahon / Atomic Energy a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1946, yana canja wurin iko da makamashin nukiliya daga soja zuwa hannun farar hula, wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 1 de Janairu, 1947. Wannan canjin ya ba membobin AEC cikakken iko da tsire-tsire, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, kayan aiki, da ma'aikatan da suka taru a lokacin yakin don samar da bam din nukiliya.

Yawancin masu sukar a cikin shekarun 1960 sun zargi cewa ka'idojin AEC ba su da isasshen tsauri a wurare da yawa masu muhimmanci, gami da ka'idoji na kariya ta radiation, tsaron nukiliya, wurin shuka, da kariya ta muhalli.

A shekara ta 1974, shirye-shiryen AEC sun kasance cikin irin wannan hari mai karfi wanda Majalisa ta Amurka ta yanke shawarar soke AEC. Dokar sake tsara makamashi ta 1974 ta soke AEC, wanda ya ba da ayyukanta ga sabbin hukumomi guda biyu: Hukumar Bincike da Ci Gaban Makamashi da Hukumar Kula da Nukiliya. A ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, 1977, Shugaba Jimmy Carter ya sanya hannu kan Dokar Ma'aikatar Makamashi, wanda ya kirkiro Ma'abiyar Makamashi. Sabuwar hukumar ta ɗauki nauyin Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Tarayya (FEA), Hukumar Bincike da Ci Gaban Makamashi (ERDA), Hukumar Kula da Wutar Tarayya (FPC), da sauran hukumomin tarayya daban-daban.

Tarihi

A cikin ƙirƙirar AEC, Majalisa ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da makamashin nukiliya ba kawai a cikin nau'i na makaman nukiliya don kare kasar ba, amma har ma don inganta zaman lafiya a duniya, inganta jin dadin jama'a da kuma karfafa gasar kyauta a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. A lokaci guda kuma, Dokar McMahon wacce ta kirkiro AEC ta kuma ba ta ikon da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba a kan dukkan fannin kimiyya da fasahar nukiliya. Har ila yau ya hana musayar fasaha tsakanin Amurka da wasu ƙasashe, kuma yana buƙatar binciken FBI ga duk masana kimiyya ko ƴan kwangilar masana'antu waɗanda ke son samun damar yin amfani da duk wani bayanan nukiliya da AEC ke sarrafa. Rattaba hannun, ya kawo karshen cece-kucen da aka kwashe tsawon watanni ana yi tsakanin ‘yan siyasa, masu tsara tsarin soja da kuma masana kimiyyar nukiliya kan makomar wannan sabuwar hanyar samar da makamashi da kuma hanyoyin da za a daidaita ta. Shugaba Truman ya nada David Lilienthal a matsayin shugaban farko na AEC. Majalisa ta bai wa sabuwar farar hula AEC iko na ban mamaki da kuma 'yancin kai don aiwatar da aikinta. Don samar da 'yanci na musamman na AEC wajen ɗaukar masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi, an keɓe ma'aikatan AEC daga tsarin sabis na farar hula. Tsarin farko na kasuwanci na AEC shine duba daular da ke warwatse na tsirrai da dakunan gwaje-gwaje da za a gada daga Sojojin Amurka.