Hukumar gaskiya
 Hukumar gaskiya | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Kwamiti, Transitional justice, restorative justice (en)  da government commission (en) |
| Muhimmin darasi |
conflict resolution (en) |
Hukumar gaskiya, wacce aka fi sani da hukumar gaskiya da sulhu ko hukumar gaskiya da adalci, ita ce hukuma da aka dorawa alhakin ganowa da bayyana laifukan da gwamnati ta aikata a baya (ko kuma, dangane da yanayin da ake ciki, wadanda ba na jiha ba su ma), da fatan magance rikicin da ya bar baya da baya. Kwamitocin gaskiya a karkashin sunaye daban-daban, a wasu lokuta jihohin da ke fitowa daga lokacin tashin hankalin cikin gida, yakin basasa, ko mulkin kama-karya na cin zarafin bil adama. A cikin ayyukansu na neman gaskiya da sasantawa, kwamitocin gaskiya suna da ma’ana ta siyasa: “Suna yin zaɓe akai-akai lokacin da suka ayyana ainihin manufofinsu kamar gaskiya, sulhu, adalci, ƙwaƙwalwa, ramawa, da sanin yakamata, kuma suna yanke shawarar yadda za a cimma waɗannan manufofin da kuma biyan bukatunsu[1]
Ma'anarsa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bisa ga wata ma'anar da aka ambata a ko'ina:
Hukumar gaskiya (1) tana mai da hankali kan abubuwan da suka gabata, maimakon gudana; (2) ya binciki tsarin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin wani lokaci; (3) yin hulɗa kai tsaye da faɗaɗa tare da mutanen da abin ya shafa, tattara bayanai kan abubuwan da suka faru; (4) jiki ne na wucin gadi, tare da manufar kammalawa tare da rahoton ƙarshe; kuma (5) an ba da izini a hukumance ko kuma ta ba da izini daga jihar da ake nazari.[2]
Kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin mahallin Ostiraliya na yin sulhu tare da 'yan asalinta na gaskiya ne.
Ayyuka
Neman gaskiya
Duba kuma: Dama ga gaskiya
Kamar yadda gwamnatoci suka ba da umarni, kwamitocin gaskiya sun zama nau'i na "neman gaskiya na hukuma"[2]. Don haka za su iya ba da hujjar hana ta'addancin gwamnati da sauran laifuffuka da take hakin bil'adama. Da yawa, masu goyon bayan suna tabbatar da "haƙƙin gaskiya" cewa kwamitocin suna da kyau don ci gaba. A wasu lokuta ana sukar kwamitocin gaskiya da barin laifuffuka su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba, da kuma haifar da rashin hukunta manyan masu take hakkin dan Adam. Matsayinsu da iyawarsu ta wannan fanni ya dogara ne da wajibcinsu, wanda ya bambanta sosai[3]
Daya daga cikin matsalolin da suka taso game da rawar da kwamitocin gaskiya suke takawa a cikin al'ummomin rikon kwarya, ya ta'allaka ne kan abin da ya kamata ya zama alakar da ke tsakanin kwamitocin gaskiya da kuma gurfanar da masu laifi[4]. Duk da yake ana kyautata zaton cewa kwamitocin gaskiya da sulhu za su iya yin bincike kan manyan laifuka, amma ba su da tasiri wajen aiwatar da hukunci. Wannan yana haifar da tunanin cewa kwamitocin gaskiya da sulhu suna da tasiri don magance manyan rikice-rikice na al'umma, amma kuma a daidaita su da shari'ar laifuka ga manyan masu laifi.[5]
Gabaɗaya, kwamitocin gaskiya suna fitar da rahotanni na ƙarshe waɗanda ke neman samar da ingantaccen labari na abubuwan da suka faru a baya, waɗanda wani lokaci ke ƙalubalanci sifofin da suka mamaye a baya. Kwamitocin gaskiya da ke jaddada "bayani na tarihi" sun hada da hukumar ba da bayanin tarihi a Guatemala tare da mai da hankali kan daidaita tsarin tsohuwar gwamnatin soja ta baya, da kuma hukumar gaskiya da shari'a a Mauritius wacce ta mayar da hankali kan gadon bauta da bautar da aka yi a cikin dogon lokacin mulkin mallaka. Hukumar liyafar, gaskiya da sulhu a Gabashin Timor kuma ta yi niyyar faɗar wani sabon "labari na ƙasa" don maye gurbin sigar tarihin da aka yi ta yaɗu a ƙarƙashin mulkin ƙasashen waje.
sulhu
A cikin iyakar adalcin rikon kwarya, kwamitocin gaskiya suna karkata zuwa ga maidowa maimakon tsarin adalci. Hakan na nufin sau da yawa suna fifita kokarin sulhunta al'ummomin da suka rabu a sakamakon rikici, ko kuma sulhunta al'ummomi da abubuwan da suka faru a baya, a kan yunkurin gurfanar da wadanda ake zargi da take hakkin bil'adama. Mafi ƙanƙanta, kwamitocin gaskiya suna ba da shawarar nau'ikan adalci na gyarawa, ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce don gyara barnar da ta gabata da kuma taimakawa waɗanda rikici ya shafa ko take haƙƙin ɗan adam su warke.[6][7][8][9] Wannan na iya ɗaukar nau'in ramawa ga waɗanda abin ya shafa, ko na kuɗi ko akasin haka; uzuri na hukuma; abubuwan tunawa ko abubuwan tarihi na take hakkin ɗan adam da suka gabata, ko wasu nau'ikan. Matsakaicin ya kasance tsakiya, alal misali, a cikin Hukumar daidaitawa da daidaitawa ta Maroko.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Bakiner, Onur (2016). Truth Commissions: Memory, Power, and Legitimacy. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812247626.
- ↑ Hayner, Priscilla B. (2010). Unspeakable Truths: Transitional Justice and the Challenge of Truth Commissions (2 ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0415806350.
- ↑ Tavares Furtado, Henrique (8 May 2023). "The monstruous and the miscount: a radical theory of accountability". Critical Military Studies: 1–16. doi:10.1080/23337486.2023.2210407. ISSN 2333-7486.
- ↑ Sunga, Lyal (2009). "Ten principles for reconciling truth commissions and criminal prosecutions". In Doria, José; Gasser, Hans-Peter; Bassiouni, M. Cherif (eds.). The Legal Regime of the International Criminal Court. Leiden: Brill. pp. 1071–1104. ISBN 978-9-0041-6308-9. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- ↑ Daniele Archibugi and Alice Pease, Crime and Global Justice: The Dynamics of International Punishment, (Polity Press, 2018).
- ↑ Gómez, Luisa Fernanda (4 December 2018). "¿Qué es la Comisión de la Verdad?". Colombia Check (in Spanish). Centro de Redacción. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- ↑ "Comisiones de la verdad: las víctimas cuentan sus historias" (in Spanish). Bogotá: Colombian Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 15 January 2020.