Hukuncin kisa a Iceland

Hukuncin kisa a Iceland
aspect in a geographic region (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	hukuncin kisa
Fuskar	hukuncin kisa da Iceland
Ƙasa	Iceland
Wuri
65°N 19°W

An yi Hukuncin kisa a Iceland har zuwa 1830, tare da mutane 240 da aka kashe tsakanin 1551 da 1830. Hanyoyin kisa sun haɗa da yanke kansa, ratayewa, ƙonewa, da nutsewa. Dokokin Danish sun kasance masu tasiri, musamman bayan karɓar Lutheranism a karni na 17. Kashewa ta ƙarshe ta faru ne a 1830, kuma an soke hukuncin kisa a 1928. Kisan jarirai laifi ne na yau da kullun, sau da yawa mata ne ke aikata, kuma an yanke wa mutane da yawa hukuncin kisa, amma an sauyawa hukuncin su. Kashewa ta ƙarshe na wani Icelander ya faru a Denmark a 1913. An soke hukuncin kisa a hukumance a Iceland a 1928, kuma an sake gabatar da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba tun lokacin da aka sake fasalin kundin tsarin mulki na 1995.

Tarihi

Ƙungiyar Iceland ta zamani (930-1262), wanda ke nuna rashin ikon zartarwa na tsakiya, ya guje wa yin amfani da hukuncin kisa. Koyaya, Althing yana da ikon sanya mutum a matsayin "réttdræpur" ("daidai mai kisan kai"), don haka ya halatta kisan mutumin da ake tambaya. Wannan aikin ya ba da ikon kisa ga duk wanda ya zaɓi ya bi shi, maimakon sanya shi a matsayin aikin ga jami'an gwamnati.

Hukuncin kisa bai zama al'ada ba a Iceland har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 16, lokacin da Sarkin Danish Christian III ya sanya Lutheranism a kan Icelanders a cikin 1551. Kashe-kashen farko da aka rubuta bisa ga dokokin hukuma bai faru ba sai 1582 . An tilasta wa 'yan Iceland su karɓi dokar dokar Danish, wacce ta ba da hukuncin kisa ga laifuka kamar kisan kai, kisan jarirai, sata, maita, da kuma haihuwar yara ba tare da aure ba. Tsakanin 1551 da 1830, an kashe kimanin mutane 240 a Iceland. Hanyoyin kisa sun haɗa da yanke kansa, ratayewa, ƙonewa a kan gungume, da nutsar da shi. Duk da yake maza galibi ana yanke musu kai ko rataye su, ana saukar da mata cikin kogi kusa da Law Rock kanta ta amfani da igiyoyi, ko dai yana haifar da daskarewa ko nutsewa.

Masanin ilimin kimiyyar Steinunn Kristjánsdóttir ya tabbatar da cewa nutsewa shine makomar mata da aka yanke musu hukuncin kisan jarirai, yayin da aka fille kawunan ma'aurata, aka fille kawunansu, an rataye ɓarayi, kuma waɗanda aka samu da laifin maita an ƙone su a kan gungume. An hana mutanen da aka kashe damar binnewa a makabarta na coci. Yawancin wadanda aka kashe su ne masu yawo, matalauta, ko mata da ake zargi da keta ka'idojin ɗabi'a.

Kashewa ta ƙarshe

Kashi na baya-bayan nan na hukuncin kisa na Iceland ya faru ne a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1830, lokacin da aka fille kan ma'aikatan gona Agnes Magnúsdóttir (33) da Friðrik Sigurdsson (19) a Vatnsdalshólar, Húnavatnssýsla . An zarge su da kisan manoma biyu, Natan Ketilsson daga Illugastaðir, da Pétur Jónsson daga Geitaskarð, a ranar 14 ga Maris, 1828. Bayan wani dogon shari'a da Kotun Koli ta jagoranta a Copenhagen, an yanke musu hukuncin kisa.

Wannan shari'ar tarihi ta zama wahayi ga Fim din Icelandic na 1995 Agnes wanda Egill Eðvarðsson ya jagoranta, da kuma littafin Burial Rites na 2013 wanda marubucin Australiya Hannah Kent ya rubuta.

Duk da yake an yanke hukuncin kisa na ƙarshe a 1913, daga baya aka sauya shi zuwa lokacin kurkuku.