Hukuncin kisa a Isra'ila

Hukuncin kisa a Isra'ila
aspect in a geographic region (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	hukuncin kisa
Fuskar	hukuncin kisa
Ƙasa	Isra'ila
Wuri
31°N 35°E

Hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na doka a Isra'ila. An yanke hukuncin kisa sau biyu kawai a tarihin jihar kuma ana ba da shi ne kawai don cin amana, kisan kare dangi, laifuka a kan bil'adama, da laifuka da aka yi wa mutanen Yahudawa a lokacin yaƙi. Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe bakwai da suka soke hukuncin kisa don "laifuka na yau da kullun kawai".

Isra'ila ta gaji dokar Mandatory Palestine, wanda ya haɗa da hukuncin kisa don laifuka da yawa, amma a cikin 1954, Isra'ila ya soke hukuncin kisa. Kashe-kashen da aka yi a tarihin Jihar Isra'ila an yi shi ne a shekarar 1962, lokacin da aka rataye masanin Holocaust Adolf Eichmann saboda kisan kare dangi da laifuka a kan bil'adama. An yanke hukuncin kisa na karshe a Isra'ila a shekarar 1988, lokacin da aka yanke wa John Demjanjuk hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan yaki da laifukan da aka yi wa bil'adama; daga baya aka soke hukuncinsa (da kuma hukunci) a 1993 biyo bayan daukaka kara zuwa Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila. Babu wani hukuncin kisa da masu gabatar da kara na Isra'ila suka nemi tun daga shekarun 1990.

A halin yanzu kawai laifuka da suka kasance laifukan kisa a Isra'ila sune Laifukan da aka yi wa bil'adama da cin amana.

Shugaban Jihar Isra'ila yana da, a ƙarƙashin ikon Dokokin Ƙasa na Isra'ila (musamman, Dokokin Ƙasashen: Shugaban Jihar) ikon gafarta ko sauya hukuncin kisa.

Tarihi

Rashin amfani da Isra'ila na hukuncin kisa na iya zama saboda Dokar Addinin Yahudawa. Dokar Littafi Mai-Tsarki a bayyane ta ba da umarnin hukuncin kisa ga laifuka 36, daga kisan kai da zina zuwa Bautar gumaka da lalata Asabar. Koyaya, a cikin Isra'ila ta dā, ba a aiwatar da hukuncin kisa da wuya. Masanan Yahudawa tun daga farkon zamanin yau sun samar da irin waɗannan dokoki masu ƙuntatawa don hana kisan marasa laifi cewa hukuncin kisa ya zama ya zama ya ƙare. Musa Maimonides ya yi jayayya cewa kashe wanda ake tuhuma a kan wani abu da bai kai cikakkiyar tabbaci ba zai haifar da raguwar nauyin hujja, har sai za mu yanke hukunci kawai "bisa ga sha'awar alƙalin". Damuwarsa ita ce ci gaba da girmama doka, kuma ya ga kurakurai na kwamiti kamar yadda ya fi barazana fiye da kurakurai da aka yi watsi da su. Shugabannin addinin Yahudawa Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da malamai sun yi imanin cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da hukuncin kisa ba, har ma a cikin matsanancin yanayi kamar kisan siyasa.

Lokacin da aka kafa jihar Isra'ila ta zamani a 1948, ta gaji ka'idar doka ta Mandate ta Burtaniya, tare da wasu gyare-gyare, don haka hukuncin kisa ya kasance a cikin littattafai. A lokacin yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948, an fara kisa ne bayan an zargi Meir Tobianski, wani jami'in sojojin Isra'ila, da laifin leken asiri, an gabatar da shi a kotun soja kuma an same shi da laifi. An kashe shi ta hanyar harbi, amma daga baya aka wanke shi bayan mutuwarsa.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1948, an yanke shawarar cewa idan aka kara hukuncin kisa, za a dakatar da dukkan hukuncin kisa har sai gwamnati ta yanke shawarar makomar hukuncin kisa. Hukuncin kisa na farko da kotun farar hula ta Isra'ila ta sanya, a kan Larabawa biyu da aka same su da laifin kisan kai, kotun daukaka kara ta tabbatar da su a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1949, amma Shugaba Chaim Weizmann ya sauya hukuncin zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai, saboda adawa da hukuncin kisa. Ma'aikatar Isra'ila ta fara la'akari da soke hukuncin kisa a watan Yulin 1949.

A cikin 1950, masu kisan kai bakwai da aka yanke musu hukunci suna kan layi na mutuwa a Isra'ila. A shekara ta 1951, majalisar ministocin Isra'ila ta sake ba da shawarar cewa a soke hukuncin kisa. Dokar Nazis da Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) ta 1950 ta ba da umarnin hukuncin kisa ga manyan laifuka a cikin doka, wanda aka fara ɗorawa a 1952 a kan Yechezkel Ingster, wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin aikata laifuka akan bil'adama don azabtarwa da doke wasu Yahudawa a matsayin kapo. Kotun ta kuma ba da shawarar cewa a sauya hukuncin kisa; ya rasa kafa kuma yana fama da ciwon zuciya. Ingster ya yi aiki a kurkuku kuma daga baya aka gafarta masa amma ya mutu jim kadan bayan an sake shi. A shekara ta 1953, an sake yanke hukuncin kisa saboda kisan kai. Ba a aiwatar da shi ba, kuma mai kisan kai da aka yanke masa hukunci ya sami gafarar shugaban kasa shekaru shida bayan haka.