Hukuncin kisa a cikin Islama

Hukuncin kisa a cikin Islama
Bayanai
Fuskar	hukuncin kisa

"Kisan wata Bayahude ta Maroko (Sol Hachuel) " wani zane na Alfred Dehodencq

Shari'ar Musulunci ( shari'a ) ce ta tsara hukuncin kisa a al'adance, wanda ya samo asali daga Alqur'ani, wallafe-wallafen hadisai, da sunna ( lissafin zantuka da halaye masu rai da aka jingina ga Annabin Musulunci Muhammad a lokacin rayuwarsa). Laifukan da shari'a zai iya haifar da hukuncin kisa sun hada da, kisan kai, fyade, zina, luwadi, luwadi , amfani da hukuncin kisa a yawancin kasashen musulmi, inda ake kallonta a matsayin hukuncin shari'a - hukuncin da aka shar'anta akan laifuffuka kamar ridda daga musulunci, zina, maita, kisa, fyade, da buga hotunan batsa.

Laifukan kisa da yanke hukunci

Dukkanin hadisai da Alkur'ani sun ambaci takamaiman laifuka wanda hukuncin kisa shine hukunci mai inganci. A cikin makarantun firamare guda huɗu na Sunni fiqh (dokar Musulunci) da makarantun firama guda biyu na Shi'a fiqh, wasu nau'ikan laifuka suna ba da izinin hukuncin kisa.

Qisas

Qisas wani rukuni ne na yanke hukunci inda shari'a ta ba da izinin hukuncin kisa, don kisan kai da gangan ko ba da gangan ba. A cikin yanayin mutuwa, shari'a tana ba wa dangin da ya fi kusa da wanda aka kashe ko Wali (ولي) damar, idan kotun ta amince, ya kashe mai kisan. Laifukan Hudud, waɗanda laifuka ne akan Allah, kuma ana ɗaukar su manyan laifuka a ƙarƙashin dokar shari'a, waɗanda aka ba da horo a cikin Alkur'ani. Wannan ya hada da fashi da zina:

The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger, and strive with might and main for mischief through the land is: execution, or crucifixion, or the cutting off of hands and feet from opposite sides, or exile from the land: that is their disgrace in this world, and a heavy punishment is theirs in the Hereafter, Except for those who return repenting before you apprehend them. And know that Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.

— Qur'an, Sura 5, ayat 33 & 34

Diyya biyan kuɗi ne don kauce wa shari'a don laifuka kamar kisan kai. An nuna damuwa cewa talakawa masu laifi suna fuskantar shari'a da hukuncin kisa yayin da masu arziki masu laifi ke guje wa shari'a ta hanyar biyan diyya. Kisan Shahzeb Khan a shekarar 2012 ya kawo hankali ga wannan batun a Pakistan.

Hudud

Wasu laifuka na hudud, alal misali, ana ɗaukar su laifuka a kan Allah kuma suna buƙatar hukuncin kisa a fili. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ridda (barin Islama ta zama mai musun wanzuwar Allah ko tuba zuwa wani addini), fasad (mugunta a cikin ƙasa, ko cin hanci da rashawa game da Allah, rikice-rikicen zamantakewa da haifar da rikici a cikin jihar musulmi) da Zina (dangantaka ta yarda da jima'i ko jima'i ba ta yarda da Islama ba, musamman kafin aure ko ba tare da aure ba). 

Aikace-aikacen zamani

Kasashen da suka fi yawan Musulmai suna aiwatar da kashi mai yawa na kisan gillar duniya. A cikin shekara ta 2020, wani rahoto na Amnesty International ya gano cewa kashi 88 cikin 100 na duk hukuncin kisa da aka rubuta ya faru ne a ko dai Iran, Masar, Iraki ko Saudi Arabia. Koyaya, 'dukkanin hukuncin da aka rubuta' ba su haɗa da bayanai daga China ba, inda yawan hukuncin da aka kashe ya kasance bayanan sirri. A cikin Kasashen Musulunci da yawa kamar Sunni Saudi Arabia da Pakistan, da kuma Shia Iran, duka hudud da qisas irin hukuncin kisa wani ɓangare ne na tsarin shari'a kuma ana amfani dashi. A wasu, akwai bambanci a cikin amfani da hukuncin kisa.

Hanyoyi

Kisan gilla da yanke gilla a cikin jama'a a ƙarƙashin shari'a yana da rikici saboda kasancewa mummunan nau'in hukuncin kisa. Wadannan nau'ikan kisa sun kasance wani ɓangare na dokar da aka aiwatar a Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Qatar, Iran da Mauritania. Koyaya ba a aiwatar da dutse ba shekaru da yawa.