Hukuncin kisa ta ƙasa

Hukuncin kisa ta ƙasa
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Hukuncin kisa, wanda kuma ake kira hukuncin kisa, shine kisan mutum da jihar ta ba da izini a matsayin horo ga Laifi. An yi amfani da shi a tarihi a kusan kowane bangare na duniya. Tun daga tsakiyar karni na 19 kasashe da yawa sun soke ko dakatar da aikin. A cikin As of 2022 , kasashe biyar da suka kashe mafi yawan mutane sune, a cikin tsari mai saukowa, China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Masar, da Amurka.

Kasashen membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 193 da kasashe masu sa ido guda biyu sun fada cikin rukuni huɗu bisa ga amfani da hukuncin kisa. Ya zuwa 2024:

• 53 (27%) ci gaba da hukuncin kisa a cikin doka da aiki.
• 23 (12%) sun ba da izinin amfani da shi amma sun soke shi de facto: bisa ga ka'idodin Amnesty International, ba su yi amfani da shi ba aƙalla shekaru da kuma an yi imanin cewa suna da manufofi ko al'ada na rashin aiwatar da kisa.
• 9 (5%) sun soke shi ga duk laifuka sai dai waɗanda aka aikata a yanayi na musamman (kamar a lokacin yaƙi).
• 110 (56%) sun soke shi gaba daya, kwanan nan Zambia (2023).

Bugu da kari, Tsibirin Cook, Niue, da Kosovo masu adawa ne, yayin da Taiwan ke riƙewa.

Tun daga shekara ta 1990, akalla kasashe 11 sun kashe masu laifi wadanda ba su kai shekara 18 ko 21) a lokacin da aka aikata laifin, wanda ya saba wa Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara, wanda dukkan kasashe suka tabbatar sai dai Amurka. Waɗannan su ne China, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Iran, Najeriya, Pakistan, Koriya ta Arewa, Saudi Arabia, Sudan ta Kudu, Amurka, da Yemen. A Amurka, wannan ya ƙare a shekara ta 2005 tare da Kotun Koli Roper v. Simmons, a Najeriya a 2015 ta hanyar doka, kuma a Saudi Arabia a 2020 ta hanyar dokar sarauta.

Bayani na Duniya

Afirka

A Afirka, kasashe da yawa suna riƙe da hukuncin kisa a cikin doka. Wasu irin wadannan kasashe, kamar Aljeriya da Kamaru, suna da dakatarwar kuma ba su yi amfani da shi ba sama da shekaru goma, suna mai da su abolitionist a aikace. A Najeriya, wasu jihohi suna da abolitionist yayin da wasu ke riƙewa.

A cikin 2018, Burkina Faso ta soke hukuncin kisa don laifukan farar hula, kuma Gambiya ta ba da sanarwar dakatarwar a matsayin mataki na farko zuwa ga kawarwa. Saliyo ta soke hukuncin kisa a cikin 2021, kamar yadda Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta yi a cikin 2022, sannan Zambia ta biyo baya a cikin 2023. Don laifukan farar hula, Equatorial Guinea ta soke shi a 2022, Ghana ta yi haka a 2023, kuma Zimbabwe ta soke shi da 2024.

Amurka

Tun daga shekara ta 2008, Amurka ita ce kadai kasar da ke Amurka da ke aiwatar da kisan kai. A cikin ƙasashen Caribbean, hukuncin kisa ya wanzu aƙalla de jure, sai dai a Jamhuriyar Dominica da Haiti, waɗanda suka soke shi a cikin 1969 da 1987, bi da bi. Grenada ta kasance mai adawa da abolitionist a aikace; hukuncin kisa na karshe ya kasance a shekarar 1978. Kashewa ta ƙarshe a cikin Caribbean ta kasance a Saint Kitts da Nevis, a cikin 2008. A Amurka ta Tsakiya da ta Kudu, hukuncin kisa ya wanzu a Belize da Guyana, kodayake ba a yi amfani da shi ba tun 1985 da 1997. A Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, da Peru, kisa doka ce a wasu yanayi, kamar laifukan yaki, kuma an soke su saboda laifukan farar hula. A shekara ta 1976, Kanada ta soke hukuncin kisa ga laifukan da ba na soja ba; a shekara ta 1999, ta soke shi ga laifuka na soja. A shekara ta 2005, Mexico ta soke hukuncin kisa; a shekara ta 2009 Argentina ta soke shi.

Asiya

Kasar Sin ita ce mafi yawan masu amfani da hukuncin kisa a duniya; a cewar Amnesty International, kasar Sin tana aiwatar da mutane da yawa fiye da sauran duniya, a kowace shekara; amma hukuncin kisa ga dukkan laifuka ba ya shafi yankuna biyu na musamman, Hong Kong da Macau.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, Mongolia ta soke hukuncin kisa ga dukkan laifuka.

Indiya ba ta kashe masu laifi ba, tana aiwatar da kisa 30 kawai tun 1991. Indiya kwanan nan ta kashe masu aikata laifin fyade da kisan kai 4 a watan Maris na 2020.