Hypermobility (tafiye-tafiye)
 Hypermobility (tafiye-tafiye) |
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Matafiya na Hypermobile su ne "mutane masu saurin motsi" waɗanda ke yin "tafiye-tafiye akai-akai, sau da yawa a kan nisa mai nisa. " Suna "ƙididdige babban rabo na jimlar kilomita da aka yi tafiya, musamman ta iska. " [1] Waɗannan mutane suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga jimlar mil na iska da aka tashi a cikin wata al'umma. Kodayake damuwa game da hypermobility ya shafi hanyoyi da yawa na sufuri, Tasirin muhalli na jirgin sama kuma musamman hayakin gas dinsa sun kawo mayar da hankali kan tashi. Daga cikin dalilan wannan mayar da hankali shine cewa waɗannan hayaki, saboda an yi su ne a babban tsawo, suna da tasirin yanayi wanda aka kiyasta ya zama 2.7 mafi girma, fiye da wannan hayaki idan an yi shi a matakin ƙasa.
Kodayake yawan lokacin da mutane suka kwashe a motsi ya kasance daidai tun 1950, canjin daga ƙafa da kekuna zuwa motoci da jiragen sama ya kara saurin tafiya sau biyar.[2] Wannan yana haifar da tasirin tagwaye na yankuna masu faɗi, da ƙananan ayyukan zamantakewa a kusa da kowane mutum (wanda ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar sadarwa ta lantarki wanda za'a iya gani a matsayin nau'in motsi na kama-da-wane), da kuma lalacewar yanayin zamantakewa da na zahiri wanda ya haifar da zirga-zirga mai sauri (kamar yadda mai tsara birane Donald Appleyard ya tsara).
Ana kawo canje-canjen a cikin gida saboda amfani da motoci da manyan hanyoyi, da kuma jiragen sama na duniya. Wasu daga cikin barazanar zamantakewa na hypermobility sun hada da:
- karin bambanci tsakanin masu arziki da matalautararrabuwa tsakanin masu arziki da matalauta
- rage lafiya da lafiya
Ana ganin yaduwar amfani da Intanet a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga hypermobility saboda karuwar sauƙin da yake ba da damar yin tafiya da ake so da shirya. A gefe guda, yaduwar kayan aikin sadarwa na kan layi a matsayin madadin tarurruka na mutum an haɗa shi da raguwar kashi 25% a tafiye-tafiye na kasuwanci ta mazauna Burtaniya daga 2000 zuwa 2010.[3]
Kalmar hypermobility ta taso a kusa da 1980 game da kwararar babban birnin kasar, kuma tun farkon 1990s kuma yana nufin tafiye-tafiye mai yawa. [ Duba: Hepworth da Ducatel (1992); [4] Whitelegg (1993); [5] Lowe (1994); van der Stoep (1995); Garkuwa (1996); [6] Cox (1997); Adams (1999); Khist da Zeitler (2001); Gössling et al. (2009); [1] Mander & Randles (2009); [7] da (Higham 2014). ] An yi la'akari da kalmar cewa Adams ne ya kirkiro shi (1999), amma baya ga taken aikin, babu wani abu da ya bayyana a fili game da shi sai dai "[t] an yi amfani da kalmar hypermobility a cikin wannan maƙala don nuna cewa yana iya yiwuwa a sami abu mai kyau da yawa." [1] [8]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 Gössling S, Ceron JP, Dubois G, Hall CM, Gössling S, Upham P, Earthscan L (2009). Hypermobile travellers. and Implications for Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction. In: Climate Change and Aviation: Issues, Challenges and Solutions, London. The chapter: "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 19, 2010. Retrieved May 24, 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link). The book: Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "gossling" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ John Adams (19 January 2000). "Proceedings from the Ottawa Workshop - OECD" (PDF). p. 118. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
- ↑ Monbiot, George (2012-09-28). "The case for expanding UK airports is based on fallacy". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2024-05-26.
Business travel, by contrast to popular perceptions, is not rising, but falling – and falling dramatically. (...) companies have begun, at last, to use the excellent technological alternatives to face-to-face international meetings.
- ↑ Hepworth ME, Ducatel K (1992). Transport in the information age: Wheels and wires. ISBN 1-85293-220-1.
- ↑ Whitelegg J, Holzafel H, Whitelegg J (1993). Transport for a sustainable future: the case for Europe. ISBN 1-85293-145-0.
- ↑ Shields R (1996). Flow as a new paradigm. Space and Culture (1:1, p.1-7). Error in Webarchive template: Empty url.
- ↑ Mander S, Randles S (2009). Aviation Coalitions: Drivers of Growth and Implications for Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction. In: Climate Change and Aviation: Issues, Challenges and Solutions (ISBN 9781844076208), Earthscan, London.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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